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History


Department of History,
Division of Humanities and Fine Arts,
Humanities and Social Sciences 4001;
Telephone (805) 893-2991

Department Chair: Sarah Cline

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Faculty

Lawrence Badash, Ph.D., Yale University, Professor (history of science)

Randolph Bergstrom, Ph.D., Columbia University, Associate Professor (American social policy)

F. A. Bonadio, Ph.D., Yale University, Professor Emeritus

Morton Borden, Ph.D., Columbia University, Professor Emeritus

W. Elliot Brownlee, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Professor (American economic history)

Alexander B. Callow, Ph.D., UC Berkeley, Lecturer Emeritus

Chi-yun Chen, Ph.D., Harvard University, Professor Emeritus

Sarah Cline, Ph.D., UC Los Angeles, Professor (Mexico, Latin America, Christianity)

Patricia Cline Cohen, Ph.D., UC Berkeley, Professor (women, social history)

Robert O. Collins, Ph.D., Yale University, Professor Emeritus (Africa)

Alexander DeConde, Ph.D., Stanford University, Professor Emeritus

Jane S. DeHart, Ph.D., Duke University, Professor (modern U.S., women, public policy)

Dimitrije Djordjevic, Ph.D., University of Beograd, Professor Emeritus

Harold A. Drake, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Professor (Rome)

Francis A. Dutra, Ph.D., New York University, Associate Professor (Brazil, Portugal)

Mark C. Elliott, Ph.D., UC Berkeley, Assistant Professor (modern Chinese history)

Sharon Farmer, Ph.D., Harvard University, Associate Professor (medieval Europe)

Joshua A. Fogel, Ph.D., Columbia University, Professor (comparative East Asian history)

Abraham Friesen, Ph.D., Stanford University, Professor (Reformation)

Frank J. Frost, Ph.D., UC Los Angeles, Professor Emeritus

Mary O. Furner, Ph.D., Northwestern University, Professor (19th- and 20th-century U.S. history, history of public policy)

Nancy E. Gallagher, Ph.D., UC Los Angeles, Professor (Middle East)

Mario Garcia, Ph.D., UC San Diego, Professor (Chicano history)

Jonathan A. Glickstein, Ph.D., Yale University, Associate Professor (U.S. intellectual history)

Alfred M. Gollin, D. Phil., D. Litt., Oxon., Professor Emeritus (modern Britain, 19th and 20th century)

Otis L. Graham, Jr., Ph.D., Columbia University, Professor Emeritus (recent U.S. history)

Anita Guerrini, Ph.D., Indiana University, Assistant Professor (early modern Europe, history of science)

George M. Haddad, Ph.D., University of Chicago, Professor Emeritus

Carl V. Harris, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Associate Professor (American South)

Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, Ph.D., University of Washington, Professor (modern Russia)

Stephen N. Hay, Ph.D., Harvard University, Professor Emeritus

C. Warren Hollister, Ph.D., UC Los Angeles, Professor Emeritus (medieval Europe)

Immanuel C. Y. Hsu, Ph.D., Harvard University, Professor Emeritus

R. Stephen Humphreys, Ph.D., University of Michigan, King Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud Professor of Islamic Studies (Islamic studies)

Wilbur R. Jacobs, Ph.D., UC Los Angeles, Professor Emeritus

Lisa Kallet-Marx, Ph.D., UC Berkeley, Associate Professor (ancient Greece)

Laura Kalman, Ph.D., Yale University, Professor (20th-century U.S. legal and political history)

Harold C. Kirker, Ph.D., UC Berkeley, Professor Emeritus

Carol L. Lansing, Ph.D., University of Michigan, Professor (medieval Europe)

Albert S. Lindemann, Ph.D., Harvard University, Professor (modern European socialism)

Fredrik Logevall, Ph.D., Yale University, Assistant Professor (U.S. foreign relations)

John D. Majewski, Ph.D., UC Los Angeles, Assistant Professor (19th-century American history)

Harold Marcuse, Ph.D., University of Michigan, Assistant Professor (modern central/eastern European history)

Leonard M. Marsak, Ph.D., Cornell University, Professor Emeritus

J. Sears McGee, Ph.D., Yale University, Professor (Tudor and Stuart Britain)

S. Cecilia Mendez, Ph.D., State University of New York at Stony Brook, Assistant Professor (Latin American history)

Kenneth J. Mouré, Ph.D., University of Toronto, Associate Professor (European economic history)

Roderick W. Nash, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Professor Emeritus

Alice M. O'Connor, Ph.D., The John Hopkins University, Assistant Professor (20th-century U.S. history of public policy)

Richard E. Oglesby, Ph.D., Northwestern University, Professor Emeritus

Michael A. Osborne, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Associate Professor (history of biological sciences)

Hyung Pai, Ph.D., Harvard University, Assistant Professor (history of Korea)

Ann M. Plane, Ph.D., Brandeis University, Assistant Professor (U.S. colonial history)

Joachim Remak, Ph.D., Stanford University, Professor Emeritus

Luke S. Roberts, Ph.D., Princeton University, Assistant Professor (history of Japan)

Erika D. Rappaport, Ph.D., Rutgers University, Assistant Professor (modern Britain)

David P. Rock, Ph.D., Cambridge University, Professor (Latin America and Argentina)

Jeffrey B. Russell, Ph.D., Emory University, Professor Emeritus (medieval Christianity)

Paul M. Sonnino, Ph.D., UC Los Angeles, Professor (early modern Europe)

John E. Talbott, Ph.D., Stanford University, Professor (modern Europe, war and society)

Zaragosa Vargas, Ph.D., University of Michigan, Associate Professor (modern U.S., labor, Chicano)

Affiliated Faculty

Catherine L. Albanese, Ph.D. (Religious Studies)

Douglas H. Daniels, Ph.D. (Black Studies)

Richard D. Hecht, Ph.D. (Religious Studies)

Gerald Horne, Ph.D. (Black Studies)

Robert Kallet-Marx, Ph.D. (Classics)

A.E. Keir Nash, Ph.D. (Political Science)

Xiaojian Zhao, Ph.D. (Asian American Studies)

Allan Grapard, Ph.D. (Religious Studies)

History is studied to enhance the quality of life for the individual. Without any knowledge of the past, the individual becomes a prisoner of the present-able neither to comprehend the present circumstances and their causes nor to deal intelligently with present problems. As a liberal discipline, history aims to permit students to transcend their own cultural limits and, by the study of other societies in other ages, to open their eyes to the diversity of the human environment. It has often been noted that history is the first truly "interdisciplinary" discipline. This is true because everything, no matter how specialized, has a history, and therefore everything is a proper subject of study for the historian. In this department, for instance, the course offerings range not only from the ancient world to modern times, but also from the history of philosophy and ideas to the history of science and its role in society, from governmental elites to popular culture.

The Department of History offers two undergraduate degree programs: the bachelor of arts in history, and the bachelor of arts in the history of public policy.

The B.A. in the history of public policy, the first to be offered in American higher education, combines comparative studies in history with studies in related academic disciplines. Students are expected to acquire competence in a foreign language, in statistics and computer operations, and in research and writing skills, culminating in the preparation of a senior thesis. An internship in governmental and public affairs is strongly recommended.

The department offers the M.A. and the Ph.D. in history within two parallel curricula. One, traditional in nature, prepares students primarily, though not exclusively, for teaching careers in higher and secondary education. The second, pioneered at UCSB, is a graduate program in public historical studies, which aims at training historians for careers not in teaching, but in the community at large, primarily as researchers and writers.

Although personal enrichment is the prime reason that students choose history as a field of study, the nature of the discipline makes it highly desirable as a training ground for many professional fields. The traditional career for the history major has been in teaching, but the breadth of knowledge acquired by studying history is an advantage to those intending a career in business and government service. The stress on the development of research skills, as well as on the ability to think and write clearly, has proven to be excellent preparation for law school and for a wide variety of research and writing jobs.

Students with a bachelor's degree in history who are interested in pursuing a California Teaching Credential should contact the credential advisor in the Graduate School of Education as soon as possible.

The Department of History designates one of its members each year as principal undergraduate advisor; in addition, certain members of the department are appointed undergraduate advisors, each specializing in one of the two majors. Separate advisors are provided for M.A. and Ph.D. candidates. Publications describing both undergraduate and graduate programs are available from the department.

Prizes and Awards. (1) The annual J. Bruce Anderson Fellowship award is endowed by the parents of Dr. Anderson; recipients must be in the Ph.D. program in history. (2) The A. Russell Buchanan Award is presented annually to the graduating senior majoring in history deemed most outstanding. (3) The Richard Kent Mayberry Prize is awarded annually to a history graduate student who has completed at least two years in the doctoral program.

Phi Alpha Theta. Membership in the Gamma Iota Chapter of Phi Alpha Theta, the national history honorary society, is open to students who have completed at least five courses in history with a grade-point average of 3.4 or better. Graduate students and faculty also belong to the organization. In addition to regular meetings on campus, the society sponsors student papers at regional and national meetings. Further information about the organization is available at the department office.

Undergraduate Program

Bachelor of Arts-History

Preparation for the major. Thirty-two lower-division units, including (1) 12 units of History 4A-B-C; (2) 12 units of History 17A-B-C; (3) 4 lower-division units in Asian, African, Latin American, or Middle Eastern history; (4) 4 lower-division units in any historical field of the student's choice.

Upper-division major. Forty units of upper-division work in history, at least 4 units of which must be in proseminar courses (any course with the letter P after its number). Four units of History 194AH-BH-CH may substitute for the proseminar requirement, but additional units earned in 194AH-BH-CH may not be applied to the major.

The proseminar. The particular skills of the historian are the ability to define issues, to gather information pertinent to a solution, and to digest and report that information in a clear and well-conceived argument. These skills, which are summed up by the word "research," are especially cultivated in undergraduate proseminars, in which the entire term is devoted to preparing a paper on a specialized topic of research. Majors are required to take at least one such course during their career here, but students serious about developing their research and writing skills are urged to take more than one. Proseminars and their subjects may be readily identified by the letter P after their course number, and by the course title. Since most faculty offer no more than one proseminar a year and enrollment is restricted, advance planning is essential. A list of proseminars to be offered in the current year is available at the Department of History office. Once students have chosen a field for the proseminar, they should approach the faculty to determine when such a proseminar will be offered, so they may plan their schedules well in advance.

Foreign language. Election to Phi Beta Kappa requires proficiency in one foreign language, normally demonstrated by completion of the fourth quarter or its equivalent. Students contemplating graduate study should consult their prospective graduate schools to determine whether specific languages are required.

Graduation with Distinction in History (The Undergraduate Honors Program)

The Department of History at UCSB traditionally has been committed to excellence in undergraduate education. In addition to the lower-division survey courses in American and European history, the department offers equivalent 5-unit honors courses, History 4AH-BH-CH and History 17AH-BH-CH, for students interested in undertaking additional reading and writing assignments. There are also other courses of this nature available at the upper- and lower-division levels.

Students who have successfully completed at least two such courses, or who have completed the department's lower-division historiography course, History 6 (Historical Reasoning), are eligible to enroll in History 100H (Historical Writing). This is an intermediate-level departmental seminar in which major works from a variety of historical periods and regions are studied and criticized. Qualified students who have not been able to satisfy the honors prerequisite (transfer students, for instance) may petition the department's honors committee for admission to History 100H.

In their junior year, students who have successfully completed History 100H and who have maintained a grade-point average in the major of at least 3.6 will be invited to join the department's Senior Honors Seminar, History 194AH-BH-CH, in which students pursue research on a topic of particular depth and complexity.

Students admitted into the program will enroll in History 194AH-BH-CH for the three quarters of their senior year. History 194AH-BH-CH may be used to satisfy the proseminar requirement for majors. However, no more than 4 units earned in this seminar may be applied to the 40 upper-division units required of all majors. In the fall quarter, honors candidates will read, write papers, and build a working bibliography for their thesis. The remaining two terms of the seminar will be devoted to independent research, conducted in consultation with the thesis advisor. At the end of spring term, students will submit three copies of the thesis to the department office. Students who have completed the honors sequence are eligible for graduation with Distinction in the Major.

Students who have not completed the honors seminar will not normally be eligible, although under unusual circumstances, supported by evidence of superior research and writing done in other history courses (such as the proseminars), a student may petition the department's honors committee. In order to graduate with Distinction in the Major, a student must complete a paper that is recognized by a history faculty member (normally the honors seminar director) as distinguished. The department honors committee will be responsible for verifying the final list of students nominated for graduation with Distinction in the Major.

Bachelor of Arts-History of Public Policy

Preparation for the major. A total of 32 lower-division units in history, composed of the following: (1) History 7; (2) History 4A-B-C; (3) History 17A-B-C; (4) 4 additional units in history which must be in the history of countries or cultures outside of Europe and the United States.

Required work in cognate disciplines: 16 units (four courses) chosen from among the following, with at least one course in each of three of the disciplines indicated: Economics 1, 2, or 109; Political Science 12; Philosophy 3 or 4; Environmental Studies 11, 12, or 13; Sociology 1 or 2 (these may also satisfy the General Education requirements).

Required work in statistics and computer operations: Computer Science 5 or Interdisciplinary 5.

Required work in foreign language: 0-20 units (i.e. completion of course 5) in a foreign language appropriate to the area of historical emphasis chosen in the major.

Upper-division major. Required work in history: 40 upper-division units including 8 units from History 148A-B, 163A-B, 171A-B and 172A-B; 24 units including 12 units in the history of one nation, continent, or period, and 12 units in the history of a contrasting nation, continent, or period (exclusive of History 148A-B 163A-B, 171A-B and 172A-B), selected with the approval of the departmental advisor for public policy students; 8 units of History 195I (senior seminar).

Required work in cognate disciplines: 20 units, taken in one of the following related fields (inclusive of lower- and upper-division courses): economics, political science, environmental studies, philosophy, or sociology. Courses should be selected with the approval of the departmental advisor to public policy students. (Courses taken during the lower-division preparation for the major may be counted in satisfaction of this requirement.) Note: Public policy students must secure the departmental advisor's approval for their program each quarter.

Graduation with Distinction in History of Public Policy (The Undergraduate Honors Program)

History of public policy majors may also enroll in the Honors Program in History, described above. They will do so by fulfilling the listed requirements as to 1-unit honors courses or History 6 (Introduction to History); History 100H; and grade-point average. When invited to join the department's Senior Honors Seminar (History 194AH-BH-CH), which runs for three quarters in the student's senior year, they will do so with the understanding that History 194AH-BH-CH will substitute for History 195IA-IB, the required 8-unit senior thesis requirement in the history of public policy major.

Minor-History

Students majoring in other disciplines who have an interest in history may gain, albeit less intensively, the benefits described above by completing a minor in history. The minor consists of any 12 units of lower-division history courses and any 20 units of upper-division history courses. Publications suggesting ways to choose courses so as to focus on particular aspects of history (e.g., women, religion, science, ethnicity, East Asia, the United States, Europe, Africa, Middle East) are available from the department.

All courses to be applied to the minor must be completed on a letter-grade basis, including both courses offered in history and those offered by other departments and applied to the minor.

Preparation for the minor. Twelve lower-division units in history.

Upper-division minor. Twenty upper-division units in history. The department strongly recommends that one of the upper-division courses be a proseminar (undergraduate research seminar).

Note: Substitutions and waivers are subject to approval by the chair of the department. Please see the section on Academic Minors for special conditions governing minors in the College of Letters and Science.

Graduate Program

In addition to departmental requirements, candidates for graduate degrees must fulfill the university degree requirements found in the chapter "Graduate Education at UCSB."

Master of Arts-History

Admission

The M.A. degree in history is looked upon as a valuable stage on the path to the doctorate. Although it is understood that some students may choose not to continue beyond the M.A., and that others may not be permitted to do so, the aim of the program is to provide students with research training leading to the doctoral degree. Consequently, the department does not admit students solely for the purpose of obtaining a master's degree. All applicants are admitted to a single M.A./Ph.D. program.

Applicants to the graduate program in history are expected to show high potential for engaging in advanced historical research and analysis. Applicants must meet general university requirements for admission to graduate standing and must have completed an undergraduate major in history or its equivalent. Applicants may be admitted with deficiencies, but those deficiencies must be made up in the first year and do not count in satisfaction of graduate degree unit or course requirements.

Applicants must submit a suitable sample of historical writing, such as a term paper or equivalent, and three letters of recommendation. These should address the applicant's academic qualifications for graduate work in history. In addition, applicants ordinarily are expected to have a minimum grade-point average of 3.5 in upper-division history courses (or 3.75 in master's courses), and minimum scores on the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) of 85th percentile in verbal and 70th percentile in either quantitative or analytical. Applicants whose native language is not English must receive a score of at least 550 on the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), taken within two years of their application to UCSB. Students who have earned a bachelor's or master's degree from a U.S. college or university are exempt from this requirement.

Applications for the fall, winter, and spring quarters must be received by January 15. Applicants requesting Graduate Division and/or history department financial assistance must have their completed application in to the department by December 15.

It should be stressed that admission to the program is competitive, and satisfying these minimum requirements does not, by itself, guarantee admission. At the same time, the decision to admit is based on consideration of the entire file, and promising applicants in unusual circumstances whose records fall below the minimum should not be discouraged from applying.

Applicants must be accepted by a major professor with whom they wish to work. Applicants unsure of how to choose a major professor should inquire by letter or telephone to the graduate program assistant, Department of History, as to how to proceed. No student will be admitted or allowed to continue without a faculty sponsor.

Degree Requirements

The M.A. degree will be awarded to students who satisfy the requirements prescribed by the Graduate Council and who, in addition, meet the following requirements:

Foreign language. Students must pass a written translation examination in at least one foreign language within one calendar year after taking the M.A. comprehensive examination.

Unit requirements. Students must pass a minimum of 36 units of upper-division and graduate history courses. No course will count for the degree if the grade earned in the class is valued at less than 3.0. At least 20 of these units must be in graduate courses numbered between 200 and 292, with 4 units of History 202 or 209 (required of all students who have not had a graduate course in historiography) and at least 16 units in research seminars, which will result in the preparation of an original research paper. Papers produced in these seminars lay the foundation for doctoral work and are taken into account along with the results of the comprehensive examinations in evaluating students for admission to the Ph.D. program. History 596 does not apply to the research seminar unit requirement, but 8 units will apply toward the 36-unit requirement. All research seminars last two quarters. Check with the graduate program assistant for credited seminars.

Comprehensive examinations. The student must pass one three-hour written examination in one of the graduate fields listed below. The department offers reading courses in many of these fields to help students prepare for the examination. History 200 courses are designed to cover large, general fields; History 201 courses cover more specialized fields.

United States*
Colonial Latin America
National Latin America
Pre-modern East Asia
Modern East Asia
Africa
History of Science
Early Modern Europe (1450-1815)
Modern Europe (1789-)
Medieval Europe
Middle East (600-1700)
Middle East (1700-)
Ancient Mediterranean World
History of Public Policy

*An Afro-American, Chicano, or American-Indian emphasis is acceptable in this field.

Doctor of Philosophy-History

Admission

The M.A. degree in history or a cognate field is normally required for admission into the Ph.D. program. Applicants who do not meet this requirement must complete the M.A. in history before continuing to the Ph.D. The application deadline for those applying with an M.A. degree from another institution is December 15 if applying for financial assistance. Students taking the master's examination at UC Santa Barbara must achieve an average grade of A- or higher. In addition, the candidate must acquire a minimum of three satisfactory recommendations from professors within the department, including at least two from professors who have supervised or reviewed the candidate's graduate seminar research papers and one from a faculty member who will serve as major professor. These letters must be on file by the third week of the quarter following award of the M.A.

The General Fields of History

The Department of History at UCSB offers doctoral study in eleven general fields of history:

United States
Latin America
East Asia
Africa
The Middle East
History of Science
Ancient Mediterranean World
Medieval Europe
Early Modern Europe (1450-1815)
Modern Europe (1789-)
History of Public Policy

Students will study, and in due time present themselves for examination, in four examination fields, two of them chosen from one of the above general fields, and the third chosen from a second general field. The fourth examination field will be in an outside academic department or in history (see below, under "General Examinations"). The four professors under whom the students study as they prepare for their examinations constitute their doctoral committee. One of its members is the student's major professor, who presides.

Program Supervision

Once admitted to the Ph.D. level, each student will be systematically advised by his or her major professor, who will submit a review of the student's progress and prospects annually in the spring quarter. The results of the annual review will be individually communicated to the student in writing by the director of graduate studies. If the student's progress is unsatisfactory, the student will be notified that he or she is being placed on a one-year probationary status. If at the end of that year progress is still unsatisfactory, the department chair will recommend to the dean of the Graduate Division that the student be dismissed from graduate study.

Degree Requirements

Unit requirements. Students in the doctoral program must enroll for at least six regular academic quarters (not summer sessions) on the UCSB campus pursuing a program of full-time study (12 units each quarter) and research. Three consecutive quarters of this residency must be completed in regular session before advancement to candidacy. Students must complete 32 units of history research seminars, 16 units of which can be taken from the M.A. requirements. Check with the graduate program assistant for credited seminars. History 596 does not count as a research seminar. Students must take at least one graduate course in each of the four areas presented for examination (research seminars and courses taken while in the M.A. program satisfy this requirement), and a graduate course in historiography (History 202 or 209) if such a course has not been taken prior to admission to the doctoral program. Doctoral students in American history must take History 292A-B-C, in addition to the 32 units of research seminars.

Foreign language. The student must pass at least one foreign language examination, a requirement which may be satisfied by passing the foreign language examination for the UC Santa Barbara M.A. in history, or, with the approval of the graduate committee, an examination at another institution. Additional language requirements pertinent to the field of research may be specified by the major professor with the approval of the graduate committee. Preparation and supervision of these additional language examinations are the responsibility of the major professor, who may or may not use the regular departmental foreign language examinations.

Students should plan to satisfy the departmental foreign language requirement as soon as possible, but no later than the end of the second year in the doctoral program. No student will be allowed to take the general examinations for the Ph.D. without having completed the departmental language requirement, as well as any additional language requirements required by the major professor.

General examinations. Upon satisfying the unit and foreign language requirements, students will be eligible to take their general examinations. Candidates are required to present themselves for examination in four fields of study-three within history and the option of taking either a cognate field outside the history department or a fourth history field. Examination in the three history fields will be both written and oral; the examination in the cognate field or fourth history field will be oral only. The four fields are:

1. The major field, taken under the student's major professor. It will be in that professor's special field, or, with the approval of the graduate committee, in a closely related field. The major field ordinarily provides the intellectual basis for the dissertation and the student's later emphasis in teaching and research, and the student is expected to achieve depth and breadth of scholarly sophistication and mastery in this field.

2. The general field is the field within which the student's major field is located (e.g., U.S. history is the general field if the major field is U.S. diplomatic history). The student is expected to show breadth and perspective in this field in order to set his or her specialty within its encompassing framework and to be able to teach survey courses.

3. The outside field in history, chosen from a second of the department's graduate fields (see above). This field may be either specialized (as in 1 above) or general (as in 2), depending on the mutual decision of the student, the major professor, and the supervisor of the outside field. This requirement affords the student, for comparative purposes, a deep encounter with the history of a period or culture distinct from that studied in Fields 1 and 2 and also enables him or her to offer survey courses in this field.

4A. A cognate field outside the discipline of history is chosen from within another academic department. This field should strengthen the student's grasp of Field 1 and be comparable in depth and richness to Fields 2 and 3.

4B. With the approval of the major professor and the director of graduate studies, students may substitute for the cognate field a fourth history field from among a number of other topics. These topics must be sufficiently distinct from the other three fields as to constitute a separate historical specialty. Examples of such topics are environmental history, women's history, native American history, military history, and religious history.

Doctoral students should select their four fields in consultation with their major professor during their first quarter of study. The three written examinations in history must all be completed within a period of one month from the date of the first examination. Each of these examinations will be of three hours' duration. Within one week of passing the last of these examinations, the student must take an oral examination in all four fields. The minimum time allotted to this examination is two hours, but the time period may be extended as warranted by the four examiners. Before a student can advance to candidacy, a dissertation prospectus must be approved by the dissertation committee.

The doctoral dissertation. The doctoral dissertation must be an original work of historical research in the field of the candidate's specialization. It must be in clear prose, have intellectual depth, and demonstrate a mastery of historical methodology. When the dissertation is approved, the candidate may be asked to appear for an oral examination in the field of the dissertation.

Teaching assistantship. A candidate will be required to qualify for and (subject to the availability of funds) to hold a teaching assistantship or a research assistantship as part of the preparation for the Ph.D. degree.

Optional Ph.D. Emphasis in Women's Studies

The Women's Studies Program offers an interdisciplinary doctoral emphasis to students previously admitted to a Ph.D. program in art history, English, French, German, history, religious studies, or sociology. Students pursuing the emphasis in women's studies must complete four graduate courses; only one of the four required courses may be taken in the student's home department. The courses are Women's Studies 270, Feminist Epistemology; Women's Studies 280, Research Seminar; a course in feminist theory selected from those approved by the Women's Studies Program; and a topical seminar that addresses topics relevant to the study of women and gender, offered either in the Women's Studies Program or in another department. The student's doctoral committee must include a faculty member who is officially affiliated with the Women's Studies Program, either as one of the three required members or as an additional appointee. This committee conducts the student's Ph.D. qualifying examinations and supervises the student's dissertation research. Contact the Women's Studies Program for additional information on faculty interests, course offerings, and program requirements.

Graduate Program in Public Historical Studies

The Department of History has established within its graduate program a public history emphasis at the doctoral level. This unique offering trains professional historians to serve as research historians working within the community at large, rather than in academic institutions. Either as persons in various types of private practice, or on the staffs of public agencies-as in city, county, state, and federal governments-public historians will research and write historical studies of problems of concern to particular communities or political jurisdictions; aid them in recapturing and in recording and understanding their histories as communities and as organizations; and serve in a variety of other professional employments, such as giving testimony in court proceedings, preparing family histories, preparing environmental impact statements, conducting surveys of historic properties and other cultural resources, and working in historical agencies.

Students will specialize in (1) the history of policy, (2) community history, or (3) cultural resources management. Courses are also available in such fields as environmental history, legal history, the history of architecture, and others. An internship is required.

For further information, request from the Department of History a copy of the public historical studies brochure, which describes curriculum and other aspects of the program in detail.

History Courses

Lower Division

1 AA-ZZ. Freshman Seminar in History
(1) Staff
Prerequisite: lower-division standing. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 3 units provided letter designations are different. Letter grade required for majors
A seminar for lower-division students with an interest in history. Content will vary with instructor.

4A-B-C. Western Civilization
(4-4-4) Staff
History 4A-B-C is a general survey course, designed to acquaint the student with major developments that have influenced the course of western civilization since the earliest times. These developments are as likely to be in religion, the arts, and sciences as in the more traditional political field. Weekly discussion sections are an important feature of this course, enabling the student to develop and expand upon material presented during the lecture hour.
A. Prehistory to A.D. 1050
B. 1050 to 1715
C. 1715 to present
(F,W,S)

4AH-4BH-4CH. Western Civilization-Honors
(5-5-5) Staff
Prerequisite: honors standing and/or consent of instructor.
Lecture will be concurrent with History 4A-B-C, along with a weekly two hour honors seminar.

6. Historical Reasoning
(4) Drake
Prerequisites: at least one term of lower-division history and consent of instructor.
Introduction to the development of the history profession, with special attention to the methods and goals of historical research. To develop criteria for judging the value of historical scholarship. Strongly recommended for students considering the Honors Program in History.

7. Great Issues in the History of Public Policy
(4) Bergstrom
Broad exploration of great issues in the history of public policy from ancient times to the present, to understand basic ways in which societies make their major decisions, the shared dynamics in the process, and how varied settings affect it.

7H. Great Issues in the History of Public Policy-Honors
(1) Bergstrom
Prerequisites: concurrent enrollment in History 7 and consent of instructor.
Students will receive 1 unit for the honors seminar (7H) or a total of 5 units for History 7.

8. Introduction to History of Latin America
(4) Cline, Rock
The course will deal with major issues in Latin America's historical formation: pre-Hispanic cultures, the Spanish conquest, the role of colonial institutions, the development of trade, eighteenth-century reform, independence, the formation of nations; and identify major issues in current Latin American affairs.

8H. Introduction to History of Latin America-Honors
(1) Cline, Rock
Prerequisites: concurrent enrollment in History 8 and consent of instructor or honors standing.
Students will receive 1 unit for the honors seminar (8H) for a total of 5 units for History 8.

10. Introduction to Chicano History
(4) Garcia
Prerequisite: lower-division standing. Same course as Chicano Studies 10.
The historical heritage of the Chicano from Indian and Spanish origins to the contemporary period. Particular stress will be placed on the interpretation and analysis between key periods in world and U.S. history to the experience of Chicanos.

11. Introduction to Race and Ethnicity in American History
(4) Vargas
Prerequisite: lower-division standing.
An introduction to the issues of race and ethnicity as they have affected the course of United States history from the colonial era to the present. Race and ethnicity will be dealt with as ideological issues as well as the history of particular race and ethnic groups in a pluralistic America.

13. The Ides of March
(4) Drake
Causes and consequences of the most famous date in Roman history, explored through literature, film, and ancient sources. (Offered periodically.)

17A-B-C. The American People
(4-4-4) Staff
A survey of the leading issues in American life from colonial times to the present. The course focuses on politics, cultural development, social conflict, economic life, foreign policy, and influential ideas. Features discussion sections.
A. Colonial through Jacksonian era
B. Sectional crisis through progressivism
C. World War I to the present
(F,W,S)

17AH-17BH-17CH. The American People-Honors
(5-5-5) Staff
Prerequisite: honors standing and/or consent of instructor.
Lecture will be concurrent with History 17A-B-C, along with a weekly two hour honors seminar.

46. Survey of Middle Eastern History
(4) Gallagher
Course themes include rise of Islam, development of Islamic civilization, the western impact, and current struggles and conflicts.

49. Survey of African History
(4) Staff
A comprehensive survey of the history of Africa below the Sahara, from pre-colonial times to the present. Basic concepts necessary for the study of African history on the advanced level will be introduced and explained.

78. The City in American History
(4) Staff
A chronological and topical survey of the American city from the colonial period to the present.

80. East Asian Civilization
(4) Fogel
A basic introduction to the history of East Asia, focusing on the emergence and evolution of Chinese civilization and its impact upon the distinctive indigenous cultures of Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.

81. Inner Asian Civilizations
(4) Pai
Same course as East Asian Cultural Studies 81. Not open for credit to students who have completed History 83 or East Asian Cultural Studies 83.
The history, culture, and society of the nomadic peoples of Inner Asia. Topics include the rise of nomadism, the Silk Road, warfare, trade, and the interaction between Steppe empires and sedentary civilizations of Asia.

82. Korean Culture and Society
(4) Pai
Same course as Korean 82. Not open for credit to students who have completed History 80K or Korean 80K.
Introduction to the various features of traditional Korean civilization and society covering its history (prehistory to the end of Japanese occupation in 1945) and topics in anthropology (kinship, inheritance, customs, religion, rice production, and peasant economy).

84. China and the West
(4) Elliott
A broad introduction to the history of relations between the Middle Kingdom and "the West" from the Silk Road and Jesuit missionaries to American businessmen, covering commercial, cultural, intellectual, and technological exchange.

85. China's Last Emperor
(4) Elliott
Not open for credit to students who have completed History 19.
Introduction, through the life of "Henry" Puyi Aisin-Gioro, the last emperor of the Qing dynasty, to major issues in the twentieth-century redefinition of the Chinese nation, with a geographical focus on Northeast China. Topics include democracy and fascism, individual and state, nationalism and national identity, status of women, education, and the role of intellectuals.

86. China's Cultural Tradition
(4) Staff
A brief survey of China's magnificent cultural achievements in the past, and a study of how the great tradition became an impediment to revolutionary changes and in what way it still shapes the course of the present revolution.

87. Japanese History Through Art and Literature
(4) Roberts
Not open for credit to students who have completed History 90.
A basic introduction to the history of Japanese culture from its origins to the present day, with particular emphasis on the evidence of architecture and painting (presented through audiovisual modules). Selected examples of fiction and poetry will also be used.


Upper Division

100H. Historical Writing
(4) Talbott
Prerequisite: at least 2 units of "H" credit, or History 6, or consent of department honors committee.
An intermediate-level honors seminar in which students read and critique major primary and secondary works from a variety of periods and regions.

105. The Atomic Age
(4) Badash
Prerequisite: any lower-division history course or upper-division standing.
The history of military uses of nuclear energy and the attendant problems. Topics included: Manhattan Project, decision to use the bomb, legislation, AEC, arms race, testing, fallout, civil defense, disarmament efforts, foreign programs, espionage.

105P. Proseminar in Atomic Age Problems
(4) Badash
Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. History 105 or 106C recommended. Not restricted to history majors. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
Seminar, with research paper, on relationship between science and technology and society. Topics, one each course, will include Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Arms Race, arms control, science and social responsibility, politics of science, scientific advice to government, civilian uses of nuclear energy.

106A. The Origins of Western Physical Science, Antiquity to 1600
(4) Badash
Prerequisite: History 4A or 4B, or any lower-division science course, or upper-division standing.
The development of astronomy, physics, chemistry, and the organization of science, traced from Babylonian times through the Greek, Roman, Islamic periods, and the Middle Ages in the West, to the scientific renaissance. Emphasis on the growth of scientific ideas.

106B. The Scientific Revolution, 1600 to 1875
(4) Badash
Prerequisite: History 4B or 4C, or any lower-division science course, or upper-division standing.
The establishment of heliocentric astronomy and mechanical philosophy by Galileo, Newton, and others, the creation of scientific societies and periodicals, the rise of chemical and electrical sciences, the influence of science upon the Enlightenment, physical science survey in eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

106C. Modern Physical Science 1875 to Present
(4) Badash
Prerequisite: History 4C, or any lower-division science course, or upper-division standing.
The second Scientific Revolution, including the discoveries of x-rays, radioactivity, the electron, relativity, and quantum theory; the growth of atomic and nuclear physics and of quantum mechanics; aspects of astronomy, chemistry, Nazi science, scholars' migration, and discovery of nuclear fission.

106D. U.S. Science Policy
(4) Badash
From the time governments first funded scientific projects they had, consciously or not, a science policy. What were the reasons for these expenditures? Topics covered range from the Lewis and Clark Expedition to contemporary medical, environmental, space, and defense research.

107A. History of the Biological Sciences: Antiquity to Circa 1600
(4) Osborne
Prerequisite: History 4A or 4B or equivalent.
The work of Aristotle, Hippocrates, and Galen; bestiaries, herbals, medicines, anatomy, to the time of Vesalius.

107B. History of the Biological Sciences: Circa 1600 to 1800
(4) Osborne
Prerequisite: History 4B or consent of instructor.
Harvey and the circulation of blood, Descartes on animals, microscopy, natural history, botany, morphology, animism, vitalism, to Buffon on cosmogony and cosmology.

107C. History of the Biological Sciences: Circa 1800 to the Present
(4) Osborne
Prerequisite: History 4C or consent of instructor. Same course as Environmental Studies 107C.
The work of Cuvier and Lamarck, natural theology, geology, Darwin, evolution, natural selection, genetics, heredity, variation, modern synthesis, reductionism, population ecology, molecular biology.

107E. History of Animal Experimentation
(4) Guerrini
Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Same course as Environmental Studies 107E.
Period: antiquity to ca. 1970. Topics include: the nature of experiment; its role in various research programs; social and cultural contexts; the moral status of animals; the ethics of animal experimentation; popular and scientific opposition.

107G. History of Global Environmental Problems
(4) Osborne
Prerequisites: Environmental Studies 11, or one course from History 4A-B-C, 106A-B-C, 107A-B-C, or consent of instructor. Same course as Environmental Studies 107. Not open for credit to students who have completed History 107PE.
Survey of global environmental problems from antiquity to the present. Topics include demography, agriculture, climate change, disease, and storage of toxic waste.

107GP. Proseminar in the History of Global Environmental Problems
(4) Osborne
Prerequisite: History 107G or 106A-B-C or 107A-B-C. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
Undergraduate research seminar in which students produce and present a research paper on a topic of their choice on the history of environmental problems of global importance.

107P. Proseminar on Darwinism and its Social Implications
(4) Osborne
Prerequisites: upper-division standing and consent of instructor.
Evolution, natural selection, religion, teleology, Social Darwinism, using the writings of Charles Darwin, Karl Marx, Herbert Spencer, and William Graham Sumner.

110. Social History of Medicine
(4) Osborne, Guerrini
Prerequisite: upper-division standing.
Course themes include the development of medicine and health care in the United States, women and the medical profession, alternate medical systems, and current crises in medical policy.

110D. Diseases in History
(4) Osborne, Guerrini
Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor.
A study of the importance of communicable diseases in human history from prehistoric times to the present.

110P. Proseminar on Science and Imperialism
(4) Osborne
Prerequisites: upper-division standing and consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
Strategies for development in the French and British Empires of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, primarily in Africa and around the Pacific Rim. Scientific development, "scientific colonialism," cultural imperialism.

110Q. Seminar in Medical History
(4) Osborne, Guerrini
Prerequisite: History 110 (may be taken concurrently).
Topics in Asian, African, European, and American medical systems focusing on their historical evolution in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

111A-B. History of Greece
(4-4) Kallet-Marx
Prerequisite: History 4A or upper-division standing.
A. From the Bronze Age through 399 B.C.
B. From 399 to 31 B.C.

111P. Proseminar in Greek History
(4) Kallet-Marx
Prerequisite: one quarter of either History 111A-B or 113A-B. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
Research seminar in ancient history. A research paper will be required.

112F. Women in the Ancient Greek World
(4) Kallet-Marx
Prerequisite: History 4A or upper-division standing.
A history of the evolving roles of women in Greek society, from the Bronze Age to Hellenistic and Roman times, as portrayed by literature, archaeology, and the fine arts.

113A-B. Roman History
(4-4) Drake
Prerequisite: History 4A or upper-division standing.
A. From Neolithic times to the fall of the Republic.
B. The Roman Empire.

113P. Proseminar in Roman History
(4) Drake
Prerequisite: one quarter of History 113A-B or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
Students produce a research paper on a topic of their choice in the history of either the Republic or Empire. From time to time, a seminar might be devoted to aspects of a particular topic.

114A-B. History of Christianity
(4-4) Friesen
Prerequisites: any two quarters of History 4A-B-C. Upper-division students only.
A. Beginning to 800
B. 800 to 1300

114C-D. History of Christianity
(4-4) Friesen
Prerequisites: any two quarters of History 4A-B-C.
C. 1300 to 1648
D. 1648 to present

114P. Proseminar in the History of Christianity
(4) Friesen
Prerequisites: History 4A and 114A. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units
History of Christian spirituality from Augustine (fifth century) to Traherne (seventeenth century).

115. The Fall of Rome and the Birth of Europe: 300 to 1050
(4) Lansing
Prerequisite: History 4A.
The political, economic, and cultural evolution of Europe from the time of Constantine to the mid-eleventh century.

115P. Proseminar in Medieval History
(4) Lansing
Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
Seminar which trains students in the methods of historical research. A research paper will be written on a topic within the general area of medieval European history.

115Q. Special Studies in Medieval European History
(1-4) Lansing
Prerequisite: History 115 or 116 or consent of instructor. May be taken more than once.
Study of specified topics in medieval European history. A research paper will be required.

116. The Civilization of the High Middle Ages: 1050 to 1350
(4) Lansing
Prerequisite: History 4B.
European civilization during the high Middle Ages. The struggle between church and state, the rise of feudal monarchies, the revival of commerce, and the flowering of medieval culture.

117A. Towns, Trade, and Urban Culture in the Middle Ages
(4) Farmer
Prerequisite: History 4A or 4B.
The social and cultural history of medieval towns from the sixth through the sixteenth century: Roman survivals; dark age "commerce;" transition from "gift" to money economy; social unrest; the emergence of urban classes and urban culture.

117B. Peasants and Lords: The Rural History of the Middle Ages
(4) Farmer
Prerequisite: History 4A or 4B.
Social and cultural history of medieval countryside: transition from slavery to serfdom; formation of knightly class; emergence of the manorial and open field systems; social and demographic crises of the later middle ages; rural culture and religion.

117C. Women, the Family, and Sexuality in the Middle Ages
(4) Farmer
Prerequisite: History 4A or 4B. Not open for credit to students who have completed History 117. Same course as Women's Studies 117C.
Family structure; perceptions and ideals of intimate and familial relations; status, perceptions, and experiences of women in western Europe circa 400-1400 A.D. Special attention on social, political, and religious contexts.

117D. Feminist Perspectives on Jewish and Christian Traditions
(4) Farmer, Hecht
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Same course as Interdisciplinary 185HF.
This seminar examines selected "clanic" texts (Biblical, Talmudic, Patristic) dealing with women, gender, and sexuality; as well as historic and contemporary uses, reinterpretations and responses to those texts.

117P. Proseminar on Medieval Social History
(4) Farmer
Prerequisite: History 117A, 117B, or 117C.
Undergraduate research seminar on selected topics in medieval social history.

118. Varieties of Utopianism and Social Reform from Joachim of Fiore to Karl Marx
(4) Friesen
Prerequisite: History 4B.
A study of the varieties of utopian thought from Joachim of Fiore (1200) to Karl Marx (1848) and the relevance of this thought to social reform.

119. The Crusades and the Near East, 1095-1291
(4) Humphreys
Prerequisite: upper-division standing.
Survey of the Crusades from their origins to the fall of Acre in 1291; ideology of the Crusading movement; history and institutions of the crusader states in the Near East; Muslim responses, ideological and political, to the Crusader presence.

119Q. Topics in History of the Crusades
(4) Humphreys
Prerequisites: upper-division standing. Previous course on Medieval Europe or the Middle East.
Topics on the period of the Crusades. These will vary from year to year: e.g., the idea of holy war and jihad, the development of Mediterranean commerce; cultural contact between Islam and Christendom. Term paper required.

121A-B. Europe in the Age of the Renaissance: 1300-1500
(4-4) Staff
Prerequisite: History 4B. Not open for credit to students who have completed History 121D-E.
The political, economic, social, and cultural evolution of Europe, 1300-1500.

121P. Proseminar in Renaissance Europe
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: History 121A or 121B.
Seminar on the political, economic, social and cultural evolution of Europe, 1300-1500. A research paper will be required.

122A-B. Europe in the Age of the Reformation: 1500-1648
(4-4) Friesen
Prerequisite: History 4B.
The political, economic, social, and cultural evolution of Europe, 1500-1648.

122P. Proseminar in Reformation Europe
(4) Friesen
Prerequisite: History 122A or 122B.
Seminar on the political, economic, social, and cultural evolution of Europe, 1500-1648. A research paper will be required.

123A-B-C. History of Europe, 1815-Present
(4-4-4) Lindemann, Mouré, Talbott
Prerequisite: History 4C or equivalent.
A survey of European history from 1815 to the present: industrialization; the impact of war; revolution in politics, culture, science, society; and the rise and fall of overseas empires, fascism, and communism.

123P. Proseminar in the History of Europe, 1815-Present
(4) Lindemann, Mouré, Talbott
Prerequisite: History 123A, 123B, or 123C, or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
Research seminar in the history of Europe from 1815 to the present.

126A. History of Eastern Europe Before 1918
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: History 4B, 4C, or consent of instructor. Not open for credit to students who have completed History 124R.
The rise of Nationalism in Danubian Europe 1700-1918; including topics in nationalities and national minorities, nationalism and liberalism, and Danubian Europe from the Enlightenment to World War I.

126B. History of Eastern Europe Since 1918
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: History 4C or consent of instructor. Not open for credit to students who have completed History 126.
A political, social, and economic history of southeastern Europe-especially of the successor states to the Hapsburg monarchy of Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Yugoslavia-from 1918 to the present.

126P. Proseminar in Eastern European History
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: History 126A or 126B or consent of instructor. Not open for credit to students who have completed History 124PS. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
Research seminar in the history of Eastern Europe.

126Q. Special Topics in Eastern and Central European History
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: History 4B, 4C, or upper-division standing. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 12 units.
Lecture course in special areas of Eastern or Central European history. See department office for course topics.

128F. Twentieth-Century Europe: History and Fiction
(4) Mouré
Prerequisite: History 4C.
Examines major political, social, and intellectual change in twentieth-century Europe through the works of contemporary writers.

128P. Proseminar in Twentieth-Century Europe
(4) Lindemann, Mouré
Prerequisite: History 128A or 128B. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
Special topics in European history from World War I to present.

128Q. Topics in Twentieth-Century Europe
(4) Talbott, Lindemann, Mouré
Prerequisite: History 128A, 128B, 128C, or upper-division standing. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
Topics in twentieth-century European history. Format varies according to topic.

129A-B-C. Europe in the Seventeenth Century
(4-4-4) Sonnino
Prerequisite: History 4B or upper-division standing.
Economic, social, political, and intellectual history of the seventeenth century:
A. 1610-1648
B. 1648-1685
C. 1685-1715

129D-E-F. Europe in the Eighteenth Century
(4-4-4) Sonnino
Prerequisite: History 4C or upper-division standing.
Economic, social, political, and intellectual history of the eighteenth century.
D. 1715 to 1763
E. 1763 to 1789
F. 1789 to 1815

130A. The Social History of European Industrialization
(4) Mouré
Prerequisite: History 4C.
The social history of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, 1750-1914. Surveys impact of industrialization on the organization of work, social organization and behavior, urbanization, and the development of social distinctions by class and gender.

130B. European Economic History: The Twentieth Century
(4) Mouré
Prerequisite: History 4C.
The evolution of the European economy from the first World War to the present emphasizing the formation and development of the European Union.

130P. Proseminar in European Economic History
(4) Mouré
Prerequisite: History 130A or 130B. May be repeated for credit up to a maximum of 8 units.
A research seminar for students who have completed one other quarter of History 130, and wish to undertake a research project on some aspect of European economic development in the nineteenth or twentieth century.

130Y. Economy and State in the Twentieth Century
(4) Brownlee
Prerequisite: upper-division standing.
Compares the development of national economic and social policy in Europe, the United States, the Soviet Union, and Japan since 1900.

131F. Anti-Semite and Jew in Modern Europe and America, 1870 to Present
(4) Lindemann
Prerequisite: History 4C.
A study of modern anti-Semitism, beginning with the appearance of political anti-Semitism in Germany and Austria-Hungary; the Dreyfus Affair; Jewish patriots and revolutionaries; Nazism and the Jews; Zionism; anti-Semitism since WW II.

131P. Proseminar in the History of Anti-Semitism in Modern Europe and America
(4) Lindemann
Prerequisite: History 131F. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
Research seminar in the history of anti-semitism in Europe and America.

132. War and Society Since 1789
(4) Talbott
Prerequisite: History 4C or consent of instructor. Not open for credit to students who have completed History 138.
Topics in war, the state and society since 1789. Origins and consequences of wars, and the political, social, and economic aspects of both land and sea warfare. A seminar, with limited enrollment.

133A. Nineteenth Century Germany
(4) Marcuse
Prerequisite: History 4C or equivalent. Not open for credit to students who have completed History 193A.
Survey of the history of the German states from the French Revolution through the stages of industrialization and national unification to World War I. Focus on the development and specific nature of German society and political culture.

133B. Twentieth Century Germany, Part I
(4) Marcuse
Prerequisite: History 4C or equivalent. Not open for credit to students who have completed History 193B.
Examination of German history from the beginning of the twentieth century to World War II. Topics include Germany's role in the first World War, the German Revolution of 1918-19, the Weimar Republic, and the National-Socialist state and its aims in World War II and the Holocaust.

133C. Twentieth Century Germany, Part II
(4) Marcuse
Prerequisite: History 4C or equivalent.
After examining development during the last years of World War II, this course traces the histories of East and West Germany from 1945 to unification in 1989.

133D. The Holocaust in German History
(4) Marcuse
Prerequisite: History 4C or consent of instructor. Not open for credit to students who have completed History 193D.
The Nazi campaign of racial purification through eugenics and mass murder can be considered one of the watershed events of Western civilization. This course examines the historical, social, political, and economic factors which combined to result in the Holocaust, as well as some of the consequences of that event for German and world history.

133F. German History in Literature
(4) Marcuse
Prerequisite: History 4A, 4B, or 4C, or consent of instructor.
An exploration of topics in nineteenth and twentieth century German history through works of literature.

133P. Proseminar in German History
(4) Marcuse
Prerequisite: History 133A, B, C, or D, or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit in combination with History 193P to a maximum of 8 units.
Students learn research skills and use them to explore topics in twentieth century German history.

133Q. Readings on the Holocaust
(4) Marcuse
Prerequisite: History 4C, any course in the History 133 series, or consent of instructor.
Exploration of selected topics pertaining to the Holocaust through memoirs, historiography, and works of fiction. The course is structured as a dialog between students and the instructor based on written analyses of the literature.

135A-B-C. History of Russia
(4-4-4) Hasegawa
Prerequisites: History 4B or 4C or upper-division standing.
A. Russia to 1800. A survey of Russian history from the Kievan and Muscovite periods to the end of the eighteenth century. Emphasis placed on the imperial period after Peter the Great.
B. 1800-1917. A survey of Russian history from the reign of Alexander I to the Russian Revolution.
C. 1917-present. A history of the Soviet Union from the Russian Revolution of 1917 to its collapse, focusing on political and social history.

135P. Proseminar in Modern Russian/Soviet History
(4) Hasegawa
Prerequisite: History 135B or 135C or consent of instructor.
Research seminar in modern Russian and Soviet history.

135Q. Special Topics in Russian History
(4) Hasegawa
Prerequisite: History 135A, 135B, or 135C; upper-division standing; or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
Readings and discussion on selected topics in Russian history.

135S. Seminar in Russian History
(1) Hasegawa
Prerequisite: concurrent enrollment in History 135A, 135B, or 135C. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 3 units.
Weekly seminar for in-depth discussion of the reading assigned for History 135A, 135B, or 135C.

137A-B. The Origins of Contemporary France
(4) Talbott, Mouré
Prerequisite: History 4C or upper-division standing. History 137A not open for credit to students who have completed History 137.
Transformation of a tradition-bound rural society into a leading industrial power
A. 1815 to World War I
B. World War I to present

138B. The Vietnam Wars
(4) Logevall
Prerequisite: History 138A, 171B, or 17C.
This course covers the history of wars fought in Vietnam since the 1940s, with particular attention to the long period of American involvement. The events will be considered in their relationship to Vietnamese history, American politics and society, and the concurrent Cold War.

138P. Proseminar in the Vietnam Wars
(4) Logevall
Prerequisite: History 138B, 171B, or consent of instructor.
Research seminar on a topic in the history of the Vietnam Wars.

140A-B. Early Modern Britain
(4-4) McGee
Prerequisite: History 4B.
A history of England from the late Middle Ages to the eighteenth century.

140AH-BH. Early Modern Britain
(1-1) McGee
Prerequisites: concurrent enrollment in History 140A-B and consent of instructor.
A weekly, one-hour section, open to any students who would like to supplement the material of the lecture course with additional readings and discussion.

140C. Eighteenth-Century Britain
(4) Guerrini
Prerequisite: History 4B or 4C or consent of instructor.
British history (including Scotland, Ireland, and Whales) from the Glorious Revolution to the Reform Act (1689-1832). Topics include the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, the growth (and partial loss) of Empire, and the development of British identity.

140IA-IB. The History of Modern Ireland
(4-4) McGee
Prerequisite: History 4B or 4C.
A history of Ireland since 1500.

140IP. Proseminar in the History of Modern Ireland
(4) McGee
Prerequisite: History 4B, 4C, 140IA, or 140IB.
Proseminar in the history of Ireland from 1500 to the present.

140P. Proseminar in Early Modern British History
(4) McGee
Prerequisites: History 140A and 140B and consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
A writing seminar in which emphasis is placed upon the use of primary sources.

141A. England in the Age of Queen Victoria-the Nineteenth Century
(4) Rappaport
Prerequisite: any lower-division history course.
England in the age of Queen Victoria-the nineteenth century.

141B. From the Death of Queen Victoria to the Battle of Britain-the Twentieth Century
(4) Rappaport
Prerequisite: any lower-division history course.
From the death of Queen Victoria to the Battle of Britain-the twentieth century.

141P. Proseminar in Recent English History
(4) Rappaport
Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
Research in recent British history including topics in social, political, cultural, intellectual, military, naval, and aeronautical subjects.

142. History of North Africa
(4) Gallagher
Prerequisite: History 46 or upper-division standing.
Survey of the history of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Themes include the imposition of colonial rule, revolutionary struggles, and post-independence development.

143. The Nile Quest
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: History 49 or consent of instructor.
An examination of African and Victorian societies during the half century in which English explorers sought the source of the Nile. The greatest geographical puzzle of the nineteenth century, the search opened Africa to European partition, imperialism and modernization.

143P. Proseminar in the Nile Quest
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: History 143. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
An undergraduate research seminar for students who have taken History 143 and wish to conduct more intensive studies of the Nile Valley.

144. Imperialism and Resistance in Africa
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: History 49 or consent of instructor.
Imperialism in Africa is a course in the history of African resistance to European encroachment in sub-Saharan Africa. The course deals with the seven "case" studies of African resistance.

144P. Proseminar in Imperialism and Resistance in Africa
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: History 144. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
An undergraduate research seminar for students who have taken History 144 and wish to conduct more intensive studies of African resistance and European imperialism.

145A. The Islamic World, I: The Formation of Islamic Civilization, 600-1000A.D.
(4) Humphreys
Prerequisite: History 46 or upper-division standing.
The rise of a world religion and the emergence of a new multi-ethic society under its aegis; the evolution of social and political institutions within the Universal caliphate; the creation of a specifically Islamic culture and intellectual life.

145B. The Islamic World, II: Expansion and Consolidation, 1000-1700
(4) Humphreys
Prerequisite: History 46 or upper-division standing. (History 145A recommended but not required.)
The failure of the caliphate and the search for a new political order; Turkish military and political domination; the structures of urban society; the rebirth of Persian literature; the classical formulations of Islamic religious thought.

145D. War and Diplomacy in the Middle East: 1876-Present
(4) Humphreys
Prerequisite: History 46 or upper-division standing.
Selected problems in the relations of Middle Eastern states within the region and with external powers. The problems studied will vary from year to year. Sample topics: World War I settlement, Mossadegh era in Iran, Israeli invasion of Lebanon (1982).

145P. Proseminar in the History of Islamic Societies
(4) Humphreys
Prerequisite: a previous course in Middle Eastern history or consent of instructor.
A weekly seminar on a topic in the history of the Islamic world, from 600 A.D. to modern times. A research paper is required.

145Q. Tradition and Modernity in Islamic Political Thought
(4) Humphreys
Prerequisite: History 46 or consent of instructor.
The emergence of an Islamic tradition of political thought in medieval times, and the reshaping of this tradition to meet the demands of modernity. Key problems: the purposes of government, autocracy versus popular participation, the nature of legitimacy.

146A-B. History of the Modern Middle East
(4-4) Gallagher
Prerequisite: History 46 or upper-division standing.
Course themes include the western impact, forms of resistance, and political, social, economic, and religious dimensions of current crises in Turkey, Iran, and the Arab world.
A. The nineteenth century
B. The twentieth century

146P. Proseminar in the History of the Modern Middle East
(4) Gallagher
Prerequisite: History 146A or 146B or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
A weekly seminar on a topic in modern Middle East history. A research paper will be required.

146PT. Proseminar in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: A Critique of the Literature
(4) Gallagher
Prerequisite: consent of instructor and at least one course in Middle Eastern studies is required. Not open for credit to students who have completed History 146PC. History 146T may be taken concurrently.
An intensive, historiographical study of major topics in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. A 15-20 page research paper is required.

146T. History of the Arab-Israeli Conflict
(4) Gallagher
Prerequisite: History 46 or upper-division standing.
History of the Arab-Israeli conflict from the mid-nineteenth century to the present. Course themes include evolution of Zionism, Palestine before World War I, the British Mandate, World War II, the Arab-Israeli Wars, rise of Palestinian nationalism, and Israeli and Palestinian societies today.

146PW. Proseminar on Women in Middle Eastern History
(4) Gallagher
Prerequisite: History 146A or 146B or consent of
instructor.
A weekly seminar focusing on women in Middle Eastern history. A research paper will be required.

146W. Women in Middle Eastern History
(4) Gallagher
Prerequisite: one course, lower- or upper-division in Middle East studies.
A social history of women in the Middle East from the rise of Islam to the present. the course will investiage women's diverse and rapidly changing political, economical, and social roles in the region emphasizing contemporary feminist and Islamist movements.

148. History of International Women's Movements
(4) Gallagher
Prerequisite: History 4A, 4B, 4C, or consent of instructor. Not open for credit to students who have completed History 181.
A history of political, social, and economic women's movements in Africa, Asia, and Latin America in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Themes include women in economic development, feminism and nationalism, postcolonial feminist discourse, and international human rights debates.

151A-B-C. Latin American History
(4-4) Cline, Rock, Dutra, Mendez
Prerequisite: History 8 or upper-division standing.
A. A general survey of the social, economic, institutional, and intellectual history of colonial Spanish America (1492-1800), with comparisons to colonial Brazil.
B. Nineteenth-century Latin America. Topics include: the independence movements, the consolidation of the new states, and the rise of export-oriented economies.
C. Twentieth-century Latin America: the export economies, industrialization, the rise of U. S. hegemony; populism and military dictatorship in the postwar period; the Mexican and Cuban revolution; Vargas, Peron, Cardenas, Castro, and Allende.

151P. Proseminar in Latin American History
(4) Rock
Prerequisite: History 8 or upper-division standing.
A weekly seminar in the history of Latin America. A research paper will be required.

151W. Women in Latin American History
(4) Cline
Prerequisite: History 8 or upper-division standing.
A survey of the historical role of women in Latin America from the prehispanic period to the present.

153. Comparative Seaborne Empires: 1415 to 1825
(4) Dutra
Prerequisite: any lower-division course in history or upper-division standing.
Analysis of the similarities and differences between the overseas activities of Portugal, Spain, France, England, and the United Provinces of the Netherlands.

153L. History of Argentina from Spanish Settlement to the Present Day
(4) Rock
Prerequisite: History 8 or upper-division standing.
A case study in economic underdevelopment and political instability.

153P. Special Studies in the History of Overseas Expansion: 1415-1825
(4) Dutra
Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
A weekly seminar on overseas expansion (Portugal, Spain, England, France, and the Netherlands), 1415-1825. A research paper will be required.

154LA. Nationalisms and Identities in the Andes, I
(4) Mendez
Prerequisite: History 8 or upper-division standing.
Inca and Spanish symbols of prestige and power played a major role in the formation of social, cultural, and ethnic identities in colonial Andean societies. These will be analyzed in their various cultural and artistic representations.

154LB. Nationalisms and Identities in the Andes, II
(4) Mendez
Prerequisite: History 8, 154LA, or upper-division standing.
The formation of nationalist discourses in the Andean republics with special attention on the uses and representations of Inca past-and Indian present. Emphasis on Peru but comparisons with Bolivia and Ecuador should emerge from discussions.

155A-B. History of Portugal
(4-4) Dutra
Prerequisite: any lower-division course in history or upper-division standing.
A. A general survey of Portugal from its origins to 1580 with an emphasis on social, economic, and cultural history.
B. Modern Portugal, 1580 to the present.

155E-F. Portugal Overseas
(4-4) Dutra
Prerequisite: any lower-division course in history or upper-division standing. Not open for credit to students who have completed History 154A-B.
E. A comparative analysis of Portuguese activity in Africa, Asia, and America, 1415 to 1825.
F. The Portuguese in Africa and Asia, 1826 to the present.

155P. Proseminar in the History of Portugal and Portuguese Expansion
(4) Dutra
Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
A weekly seminar on the history of Portugal including topics on its origins to the present and Portuguese expansion in Africa, Asia, and America. A research paper will be required.

156A-B. History of Mexico
(4-4) Cline
Prerequisite: History 8 or upper-division standing.
A. Socioeconomic history of colonial Mexico with special attention on the indigenous peoples.
B. The nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Independence, the age of Santa Anna, the Reform, Porfiriato, the Mexican Revolution, modern politics, and the economy of the 1970s.

156I. Indians of Colonial Mexico
(4) Cline
Prerequisites: History 8, or equivalent, or upper-division standing. Not open for credit to students who have completed History 150I.
History of Colonial Nahuas, particularly focusing on indigenous sources in translation.

156IP. Proseminar on the Indians of Colonial Mexico
(4) Cline
Prerequisite: History 8, 156I, or equivalent.
Undergraduate research seminar on the history of Indians in Colonial Mexico.

156P. Proseminar in Mexican History
(4) Cline
Prerequisite: History 156A or 156B or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
Undergraduate research seminar on topics in Mexican social and economic history.

157A-B. History of Brazil
(4-4) Dutra
Prerequisite: any lower-division course in history or upper-division standing.
A general survey of the history of Brazil in two quarters:
A. From the discovery of the New World to the formation of the empire. (Offered every other year; alternates with History 155A).
B. Modern Brazil. (Offered every other year; alternates with History 155B).

157C. Intellectual History of Brazil: Modern Period
(4) Dutra
Prerequisite: any lower-division course in history or upper-division standing.
Focuses on the impact of intellectuals and ideas on Brazilian society in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

157P. Proseminar in the History of Brazil
(4) Dutra
Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
A weekly seminar on the history of Brazil in the colonial and modern periods. A research paper is required.

158A. History of Christianity in Latin America
(4) Cline
Prerequisite: History 8 or upper-division standing. Not open for credit to students who have completed History 158L.
A survey of Christianity in early Latin America: an examination of issues surrounding conversion of native peoples; establishment of the church as an institution; social issues regarding the church (race, class, gender); the church as an economic institution; the Inquisition and the regulation of social mores.

158B. History of Christianity in Latin America
(4) Cline
Prerequisite: History 8 or upper-division standing.
A survey of post-independence Christianity: institutional changes due to political independence; role of the church in Latin American politics; liberation theology; rise of evangelical Protestantism.

158P Proseminar in Latin American Christianity
(4) Cline
Prerequisites: History 8 or equivalent, or upper-division standing. Not open for credit to students who have completed History 158LP.
A weekly seminar in the history of Christianity in Latin America. A research paper will be required.

159A-B-C. Women in American History
(4) Cohen, Dehart
Prerequisites: any two quarters of History 17A-B-C or upper-division standing. Same course as Women's Studies 159A-B-C.
Social history of women in America. Changing marriage, reproduction and work patterns, and cultural values about the female role. Attention to racial, class and ethnic differences. Analysis of feminist thought and the several women's movements.
A. Colonial period to 1800
B. From 1800-1900
C. From 1900 to the present

159P. Proseminar in Women's History
(4) Cohen, DeHart
Prerequisite: History 159A or 159B. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
Research seminar on the history of women in America.

160A. The American South to 1865
(4) Harris
Prerequisite: History 17A or upper-division standing.
The origins and development of distinctive economic, social, political, and cultural patterns in the ante-bellum South.

160B. The American South, 1865 to the Present
(4) Harris
Prerequisite: History 17B or 17C or upper-division standing.
Change and resistance to change in Southern economic, social, political, and cultural life since the Civil War.

160P. Proseminar in the History of the American South
(4) Harris
Prerequisite: History 160A or 160B. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
Research in selected problems in the history of the American South.

161A-B. Colonial and Revolutionary America
(4-4) Cohen, Plane
Prerequisite: History 17A or upper-division standing.
A social and political history of colonial and revolutionary America with emphasis on the interaction of Native American, Europeans, and African Americans. The course will combine lectures with discussion of both primary and secondary sources.
A. From initial settlement to the mid-eighteenth century
B. From mid-eighteenth century to 1800

161P. Proseminar in Early American History
(4) Cohen, Plane
Prerequisite: History 17A or upper-division standing.
A research seminar on early American history.

161Q. Special Studies in Early American History
(4) Cohen, Plane
Prerequisite: History 17A or upper-division standing.
Readings and discussions on selected topics in early American history. Topics, which will change each year, include: witchcraft in comparative perspective (England and America), race in seventeenth-century America, work and labor in preindustrial America. Research paper will be required.

162A. The Age of Jefferson
(4) Majewski
Prerequisite: History 17A or upper-division standing.
History of the United States from the American Revolution to the War of 1812, emphasizing the creation of the federal government, the rise of political parties, and the emergence of national character.

162B. The Age of Jackson
(4) Majewski
Prerequisite: History 17A or upper-division standing.
History of the United States from 1815 to 1840, emphasizing the political, economic, and social transitions of that period, and the changes in popular attitudes and expectations which culminated in Jacksonian Democracy.

162P. Proseminar in American Political History From 1788-1840
(4) Majewski
Prerequisite: History 162A, 162B, or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
Research seminar in the history of American political culture during the age of Jefferson and Jackson (1788-1840).

163A. Women and Public Policy in Twentieth-Century America
(4) DeHart
Prerequisite: History 7 or History 17C or upper-division standing. Same course as Women's Studies 163A.
How gender-based cultural attitudes and social roles, collective action, and economic and social change interacted to shape law and public policy with respect to work, family, legal and reproductive rights. From 1900 through approximately 1945.

163B. Women and Public Policy in Twentieth-Century America
(4) DeHart
Prerequisite: History 163A or Women's Studies 20. Same course as Women's Studies 163B.
How gender-based cultural attitudes and social roles, collective action, and economic and social change interacted to shape law and public policy with respect to work, family, legal and reproductive rights. From World War II to the present.

163P. Proseminar on Women and Public Policy Issues in Twentieth-Century America
(4) DeHart
Prerequisites: History 163A or 163B. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
A research seminar utilizing team research and focusing on basic problems in public policy to be identified each year. Will use traditional sources and oral history, interviewing community leaders, government officials, etc. Individual papers will be integrated into group reports.

164C. Civil War and Reconstruction
(4) Majewski
Prerequisite: History 17B or upper-division standing.
A history of the United States during the second half of the nineteenth century. Emphasis is placed on the causes of the Civil War, the outstanding developments of the war itself, and the major consequences of the Reconstruction period.

164CP. Proseminar in Civil War and Reconstruction
(4) Majewski
Prerequisite: History 164C or History 17B. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
Research seminar on events leading up to the outbreak of the Civil War.

164IA-IB. American Immigration
(4-4) Staff
Prerequisite: History 17A, 17B or 17C or upper-division standing.
A survey of American immigration history in the nineteeth and twentieth centuries. Treats primarily immigration from Europe, the European background to immigration, the immigrants' American experience, and American immigration policy, both past and present.

164IP. Proseminar on American Immigration History
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: History 164I or History 17B. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
Research seminar on American immigration history in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and the evolution of American immigration.

165. America in the Gilded Age, 1876 to 1900
(4) Furner, Harris
Prerequisite: History 17B or upper-division standing.
The responses of American people and institutions to the opportunities and problems of industrialization and rapid social change in the late nineteenth century.

166A-B-C. Recent History of the United States
(4-4-4) Kalman, Furner, O'Connor
Prerequisite: History 17C or upper-division standing.
Political, cultural, social, and economic development of the United States from 1900 to the present:
A. 1900-1929
B. 1930-1959
C. 1960-present

166LA. United States Legal History
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: upper-division standing.
The origins and evolution of American law from the colonial to progressive eras. Examines the development of the law in social context, considering the role of institutions, lawmakers, ideas, and the law in practice in tracing the law's history.

166LB. United States Legal History
(4) Kalman
Prerequisite: upper-division standing
The evolution of American law from the progressive era to the present. Examines changes in the legal profession, legal education, jurisprudence, private law, and the Supreme Court.

166P. Proseminar in Twentieth-Century United States History
(4) Kalman, Furner, O'Connor
Prerequisites: History 166A and 166B. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
A seminar for students who have completed History 166A-B and wish to pursue research projects on aspects of twentieth-century American history.

167A. Rise of the American Marketplace
(4) Brownlee
Prerequisite: History 17A or upper-division standing.
American economic development to the Civil War, including the dynamics of European colonial expansion, the impact of mercantilism and the Revolution, the growth and redistribution of population, and the sources of early industrialization.

167B. Development of American Industrial Society: 1860 to Present
(4) Brownlee
Prerequisite: History 17B or 17C or upper-division standing.
Economic and social history of the United States associated with the continuing industrial transformation of the nation, emphasizing a dynamic population and the changing organizational basis of industrial society, including the development of the modern corporation and the welfare state.

167C. History of American Labor
(4) Brownlee
Prerequisite: any quarter of History 17A-B-C or upper-division standing.
An economic and social history of American labor, 1607 to present, treating patterns of economic and social opportunity, the structure and composition of the labor force (including the role of ethnic and racial minorities, women, and children), and the character of organized labor movements.

167CA. History of the American Working Class, 1800-1900
(4) Vargas
Prerequisites: History 17A-B; upper-division standing.
A survey of the origins and formation of the American working class from the colonial period to the late nineteenth century. Topics include workers and community, the coming of the industrial order, the 1877 labor strike, and workers and the trade union movement.

167CB. History of the American Working Class, 1900-Present
(4) Vargas
Prerequisites: History 17C; History 167CA; upper-division standing.
A survey of American workers from the turn of the century to the present period. Topics include workers and American socialism, the 1919 steel strike, the rise of the CIO, labor and the Cold War, and deindustrialization and workers.

167CP. Proseminar in American Working Class History
(4) Vargas
Prerequisites: History 167CA-CB. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
A research and writing seminar in American working class history with emphasis on the twentieth-century period. A major research paper will be required on a seminar related topic.

167D. History of American Business
(4) Brownlee
Prerequisite: any quarter of History 17A-B-C or upper-division standing.
A survey of the history of business institutions in America, particularly since the rise of the corporate bureaucracies in the nineteenth century. Places business in context of development of both the economy and American society at large. Throughout, attention is paid to government-business relations.

167P. Proseminar in Economic History
(4) Brownlee
Prerequisite: History 167A, 167B or 167C. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
A proseminar for students who have completed one other quarter of the History 167 series and wish to pursue independent inquiry into some aspect of the economic history of the United States.

168A-B. History of the Chicanos
(4-4) Garcia, Vargas
Prerequisite: any quarter of History 17A-B-C, or any quarter of Chicano Studies 1A-B-C, or upper-division standing. Same course as Chicano Studies 168A-B.
The history of the Chicanos, 1821 to the present; traces the social-cultural lifeline of the Mexicans who have lived north of Mexico.

168E. History of the Chicano Movement
(4) Garcia, Vargas
Prerequisite: any quarter of Chicano Studies 1A-B-C, or History 10 or Chicano Studies 10, or History 168B or Chicano Studies 168B, or upper-division standing. Same course as Chicano Studies 168E.
An examination of the Chicano movement in the United States from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s. Topics will include the student movement, the farmworker movement, the Plan de Aztlan, the Raza Unida Party, Chicana feminists, the anti-war movement, and Chicano studies.

168F. Racism in American History
(4) Garcia
Prerequisite: any quarter of History 17A-B-C or any lower-division course in Asian American studies, Black studies, Chicano studies, or upper-division standing. Same course as Chicano Studies 168F.
This course will examine racism as a major ideological force in defining American society from the colonial era to the 1980s. Major focus will be on the changing nature of racism as an ideology as well as the relationship of racism to specific minority groups such as Afro-American, Native-American, Chicano, and Asian-American.

168G. Autobiography in American History
(4) Garcia
Prerequisite: any quarter of History 17A-B-C or upper-division standing.
This course will examine the autobiography as a specific historical genre. Autobiographies involving a range of Americans and including class, race, ethnic, and gender issues will be examined as a way of interpreting the history of the United States.

168P. Proseminar in Chicano History
(4) Garcia, Vargas
Prerequisites: History 168A or 168B, or Chicano Studies 168A or 168B, and consent of instructor. Same course as Chicano Studies 168P. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units.
Studies in selected aspects of Chicano history with an emphasis on social and economic history.

169AR-BR-CR. Afro-American History
(4-4-4) Daniels
Prerequisite: any lower-division course in Black studies or history, or upper-division standing. Same course as Black Studies 169AR-BR-CR. History 169AR not open for credit to students who have completed History 169A. History 169BR not open for credit to students who have completed History 169B.
Influence/experience of Africans/African Americans in United States history.
AR. Origins and development of slavery and racism in British Colonies.
BR. Nineteenth-century expansion of slavery, Anti-slavery, Civil War, Reconstruction and development of segregation.
CR. Twentieth-century New South, urban migration and desegregation.

169C. Racism and Rights in American Law: The 19th Century
(4) Nash, A.E.K.
Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Same course as Black Studies 168. Not open for credit to students who have completed Black Studies 168.
A historically oriented examination of American law as shaping and as reflecting the evolving conflict between white explotation of African-Americans versus human rights during the last half-century of American slavery and in the first half-century after Emancipation.

169M. History of Afro-American Thought
(4) Daniels
Prerequisites: History 169A-B; consent of instructor.
Study of the development of Afro-American thought from the 1860s to the 1960s as reflected in intellectual and popular media.

169P. Proseminar in Afro-American History
(4) Daniels
Prerequisite: History 169A or 169B or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit to maximum of 8 units.
Studies in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Afro-American history, with an emphasis on society, culture, and race relations.

170A-B. A History of Social Policy in the United States
(4) Bergstrom, O'Connor
Prerequisite: History 7, or any quarter of History 17A-B-C, or upper-division standing. Not open for credit to students who have completed History 148A-B.
Study of the identification, formation, and consequences of social policy in the United States over the past 200 years. Policies toward poverty, civil rights, family and population, health, education, crime, religion, and urban development are studied, among others.

170P. Proseminar in United States Social Policy History
(4) Bergstrom, O'Connor
Prerequisite: History 148A-B, or 172A-B, or 17B-C. Not open for credit to students who have completed History 148P.
A research seminar in selected social policy issues of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in the United States.

171A. The United States and the World to 1917
(4) Logevall
Prerequisite: any lower-division history course or upper-division standing.
The theory and practice of American foreign policy from colonial times to 1917.

171B. The United States and the World, 1917 to the Present
(4) Logevall
Prerequisite: any lower-division history course or upper-division standing.
Analysis of twentieth-century developments in foreign affairs. Emphasis on broad policy, concepts, and ideas.

171P. Proseminar in