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Graduate School of Education, Phelps Hall 1190
Academic Advisor, (805) 893-2137
Credential Advisor, (805) 893-2084

Dean: Jules M. Zimmer
Assistant Dean: Carol N. Dixon
Chair, Department of Education: Willis D. Copeland
Director, Teacher Education Program: Jon D. Snyder

Index of Contents

The activities of scholars and professionals in the Graduate School of Education are woven together by a common thread: a commitment to reshaping schooling from kindergarten through twelfth grade so that all children in our diverse society will have knowledge and abilities to become competent and responsible citizens. The Graduate School of Education (GSE) goals are to produce and disseminate new theories and knowledge, and provide guidance and experience needed to allow our graduate students to reach their full potential as researchers and practitioners. Graduate students in the Graduate School of Education benefit from the wide range of faculty interests and research endeavors, and from opportunities to work closely with faculty to rigorously explore through research and study a chosen area of work.

The Graduate School of Education has an active Graduate Student Association in Education (GSAE) that officially represents the "student voice" to the GSE and to the UCSB community. It is a body in which new and returning students can work and meet together to address pertinent issues. In addition to addressing issues of an administrative, academic, or political nature, students involved in GSAE work to promote a positive "student life" in GSE which encourages participation and mutual support among students. GSAE goals are to make participation in the GSE rewarding, challenging, and supportive; to be a representative, democratic, and participatory organization where decisions are made by consensus, where all members have a voice in decision making, and where the body represents all students' voices; to have a cooperative and open relationship with GSE faculty and staff, based on mutual respect; and to aid the GSE in its responsibility to recruit and support diverse and underrepresented populations.

The faculty, students, and staff of the Graduate School of Education are actively engaged in numerous K-12 and community-based research efforts, currently supported by over $2 million of extramural support. These research efforts are supported by the Graduate School of Education Office of Research and provide financial support as well as training for GSE students.

The Graduate School of Education offers advanced degrees and credentials as indicated in the table in this chapter. A complete list of degrees and programs offered in the Graduate School of Education appears in the first chapter of this catalog, under the "Academic Units" heading. Program offerings are subject to available funding.

Contents:

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Advising

The academic advisor offers assistance to all master's and doctoral candidates. Information may be obtained by calling (805) 893-2137. For information on the M.Ed. in Teaching, call (805) 893-2084.

The Graduate School of Education credential advisor provides information to prospective applicants and students in credential programs. Those interested in pursuing a teaching credential at UCSB should contact the credential advisor as soon as they begin to consider the teaching profession. Information about pre-credential advising meetings for prospective elementary or secondary teachers may be obtained from the Teacher Education Office at (805) 893-2084.

Candidates who are pursuing both a credential and an advanced degree need to consult with both the academic advisor and credential advisor. Advanced credential applicants may be considered for any degree program in the Department of Education. Those interested in emphases other than a Multiple or Single subject credential should write to the academic advisor or to the degree program or emphasis in which they are most interested.

Prerequisites

Applicants must hold a bachelor's degree or its equivalent from an accredited institution and satisfy the admissions requirements of the UCSB Graduate Division. Some emphases require possession of a California teaching credential or its equivalent, and may require teaching or other appropriate experience.

Admissions

Admission is for fall only (except for the TEP M.Ed. which requires summer admission). Applications may be obtained from the GSE academic advisor. Applicants must complete both the Graduate Division application and the departmental application. Applicants are advised to apply well in advance and to contact the academic advisor to discuss admission and requirements. Applicants must fulfill the general requirements for admission to graduate status, submit an application package, including a detailed statement of purpose, letters of recommendation and report of performance on the Graduate Record Exam. (Results from the Miller's Analogies Test may be accepted in some cases.) Test scores must be no more than five years old. Applicants whose first language is not English must receive a score of at least 550 on the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) prior to admission to UCSB. Applicants who have received a bachelor's or master's from a U.S. institution are exempt from this requirement. An interview and submission of additional information may also be required.

Applications for admission to the multiple subject and single subject credential programs may be obtained from the Teacher Education Office and must be submitted by February 1. Admission to the Teacher Education Program requires a bachelor's degree from a regionally accredited institution. Applicants are required to submit an application package, detailed statement of purpose, letters of recommendation, and GRE or Miller's Analogies Test scores. The program accepts applications for summer quarter entrance only. Consideration is given to those with evidence of potential for success in teaching and who meet the standards for graduate work. February 1 is an administrative deadline and programs may fill prior to that date. Candidates are advised to apply well in advance and to contact the credential advisor to discuss admission and requirements. See the section on Credential Programs for information on additional prerequisites.

Application Deadlines

Applications must be returned by the date established by Graduate Division (May 1 for fall quarter) except for Counseling/Clinical/School Psychology which has a December 15 deadline, and the Teacher Education Program which has a February 1 deadline. Those who wish to be considered for fellowships must file completed applications in Phelps 1175A, GSE, by December 15.

Research and Training Facilities

Graduate research and training opportunities are available through campus facilities as well as through federal and state funded faculty research grants administered by the Graduate School of Education Office of Research. Clinical training is offered through the Education Autism Clinic and the Ray E. Hosford Counseling Clinic. A quantitative laboratory (for statistical analysis) and a multimedia center are available for research and instruction.

Education

Chair: Willis D. Copeland

Faculty

Donald R. Atkinson, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Madison, Professor (counseling/clinical/school psychology)

Larry E. Beutler, Ph. D., University of Nebraska, Professor (counseling /clinical/school psychology, psychology)

Sheridan Blau, Ph.D., Brandeis University, Senior Lecturer with Security of Employment (educational psychology, English)

James H. Block, Ph.D., University of Chicago, Professor (educational leadership and organizations)

Mary E. Brenner, Ph.D., UC Irvine, Assistant Professor (educational psychology)

Norman J. Boyan, Ed.D., Harvard University, Professor Emeritus

George I. Brown, Ed.D., Harvard University, Professor Emeritus

Michael T. Brown, Ph.D., Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Associate Professor (counseling/clinical/school psychology, educational psychology)

J. Manuel Casas, Ph.D., Stanford University, Professor (counseling/clinical/school psychology)

Janet H. Chrispeels, Ed.D., University of San Diego, Assistant Professor (educational leadership and organizations, educational psychology)

Sharon C. Conley, Ph.D.,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Associate Professor (educational leadership and organizations)

Jenny Cook-Gumperz, Ph.D., University of London, Professor (educational psychology)

Willis D. Copeland, Ph.D., University of Notre Dame, Professor (educational psychology)

Merith A. Cosden, Ph.D., University of New Mexico, Professor, (counseling/clinical/school psychology, educational psychology)

John W. Cotton, Ph.D., Indiana University, Professor Emeritus

Carol N. Dixon, Ph.D., University of Delaware, Senior Lecturer with Security of Employment (educational psychology)

Priscilla A. Drum, Ph.D., Stanford University, Professor Emeritus

Richard P. Duran, Ph.D., UC Berkeley, Professor (educational psychology, psychology)

Noah E. Friedkin, Ph.D., University of Chicago, Professor (educational leadership and organizations, educational psychology, sociology)

Michael J. Furlong, Ph.D., UC Santa Barbara, Associate Professor, (counseling/clinical/school psychology, educational psychology)

Michael M. Gerber, Ph.D., University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Professor (educational psychology)

Naftaly S. Glasman, Ph.D., UC Berkeley, Professor (educational leadership and organizations, political science)

Judith L. Green, Ph.D., UC Berkeley, Professor (educational psychology)

Hsiu-Zu Ho, Ph.D., University of Colorado, Boulder, Associate Professor (educational psychology, psychology)

Cynthia Hudley, Ph.D., UC Los Angeles, Associate Professor (educational psychology)

Laurence Iannaccone, Ed.D., Teachers College, Columbia University, Professor Emeritus

Elizabeth Irish, Ed.D., Stanford University, Professor Emeritus

Shane R. Jimerson, Ph.D., University of Minnesota, Acting Assistant Professor (counseling/clinical/school psychology and educational psychology

Gregory J. Kelly, Ph.D., Cornell University, Assistant Professor (educational psychology)

Robert Koegel, Ph.D., UC Los Angeles, Professor (counseling/clinical/school psychology, educational psychology, speech)

Amelia Kyratzis, Ph.D., City University of New York, Assistant Professor (educational psychology)

Reynaldo F. Macías, Ph.D., Georgetown University, Professor (educational psychology)

Lorraine M. McDonnell, Ph.D., Stanford University, Professor (educational leadership and organizations, political science)

Ernest D. Michael, Ph.D., University of Illinois, Professor Emeritus

Gale M. Morrison, Ph.D., UC Riverside, Professor (counseling/clinical/school psychology, educational psychology)

Ralph K. Nair, Ed.D., University of Missouri, Professor Emeritus

Yukari Okamoto, Ph.D., Stanford University, Associate Professor (educational psychology)

Russell W. Rumberger, Ph.D., Stanford University, Professor (educational leadership and organizations, educational psychology)

Kermit A. Seefeld, Ed.D., Stanford University, Professor Emeritus

Melvyn I. Semmel, Ed.D., Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Professor Emeritus

Stewart B. Shapiro, Ph.D., University of Southern California, Professor Emeritus

George H.S. Singer, Ph.D., University of Oregon, Eugene, Professor (educational psychology)

Jon D. Snyder, Ed.D., Teachers College, Columbia University, Lecturer with Security of Employment (teacher education, educational leadership and organization, educational psychology)

R. Murray Thomas, Ph.D., Stanford University, Professor Emeritus

Nolan Zane, Ph.D., University of Washington, Associate Professor, (counseling/clinical/school psychology, Asian American studies)

Jules M. Zimmer, Ed.D., Arizona State University, Professor (educational psychology)

Rebecca Zwick, Ph.D., UC Berkeley, Professor (educational psychology)

Affiliated Faculty

Richard Mayer, Ph.D. (psychology)

Julian Weissglass, Ph.D. (mathematics)

Degree Programs

The Department of Education offers two doctoral degrees: the doctor of philosophy in education; and the doctor of philosophy in counseling/clinical/school psychology, as well as combined M.A./Ph.D. or M.Ed./Ph.D. degrees. Students admitted to M.A./Ph.D. or M.Ed./Ph.D. programs may elect to exit the program with completion of the master's, except for the Ph.D. in Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology. Doctoral work emphasizing comparative or international education may be pursued as part of a concentration in any of the existing Ph.D. areas. The Ph.D. programs prepare highly capable individuals to perform as scholars and skilled professionals in their chosen fields.

The Department of Education also offers the master of arts and the master of education degrees in selected program areas. Master's degree programs are designed to enhance academic and research competencies of elementary or secondary school teachers and other educational leaders. Previous teaching experience is not required for all emphases. Advanced credentials may be pursued in addition to the master's degree in any of the available emphases.

Degree Requirements

Students must achieve a grade-point average of 3.0 to be awarded a graduate degree. There is no language requirement. However, when advisors deem it suitable for a candidate's field of study, an appropriate level of foreign language competency may be required.

After completion of course work, M.A. and M.Ed. candidates are expected to take a final comprehensive examination or to complete a thesis or project. In addition to departmental requirements, candidates for the master's degree must meet the university requirements found in the chapter, "Graduate Education at UCSB." M.A. and M.Ed. candidates must complete at least 30 units of upper division and graduate level course work (with a minimum of 20 graduate units) under the thesis option, or at least 36 units of upper-division and graduate level course work (with a minimum of 24 graduate units) under either the comprehensive or project options. Independent study units numbered 597-599 are ineligible to be counted in these totals. Students admitted to the M.A./Ph.D. or M.Ed./Ph.D. are periodically evaluated for their readiness to progress to the Ph.D. level of study. Continuation is based on success in the master's program, suitability of goals, and anticipated success in the Ph.D. program.

No specific total number of course units is prescribed for a doctoral degree. Particular requirements will be made by faculty advisors in cases where students need specialized skills in foreign language or other areas. Doctoral students must pass qualifying examinations to be advanced to candidacy. Doctoral candidates must conduct original research and write a dissertation to be awarded the Ph.D. Upon completion of the dissertation, the degree candidate either defends the dissertation or has the defense waived. In addition to departmental requirements, candidates for doctor of philosophy degrees must meet the University degree requirements found in the chapter, "Graduate Education at UCSB."

Residence Requirements

Three quarters of registration are required for the master's degree. Two quarters of enrollment in the UCSB summer session can be used to count toward one regular quarter of registration. The minimum residence requirement for the Ph.D. is two years spent in full-time study and research. Three consecutive quarters of residency must be completed in regular sessions before advancement to candidacy.

Counseling/Clinical/School Psychology Program

The Counseling/Clinical/School Psychology Program offers courses of study leading to the Ph.D. with an emphasis in either counseling psychology, clinical psychology, or school psychology, or a master of education (M.Ed.) in education with an emphasis in school psychology. An M.A. or M.Ed. (non-terminal), open only to continuing CCSP students completing the Ph.D., is also available. Ph.D. students may also pursue an optional emphasis in human development (see below). The program offers emphases in clinical psychology, counseling psychology, or school psychology, which share knowledge bases and core skills. The UCSB Counseling/Clinical/School Psychology Program has been approved by the American Psychological Association (APA) since 1991. The Ph.D. program is designated and approved as a combined scientific-professional psychology program. During the first year, students take a set of courses that are designed to provide basic preparation in these common domains. Beginning in the second year and increasingly thereafter, each student selects courses which comprise a specialization in either counseling, clinical, or school psychology.

Submission of a completed background questionnaire (sent with application materials) is required in addition to the regular application materials. Interviews will be scheduled for qualified applicants who meet admission criteria and have interests well suited to faculty interests. Alternatives to the interview may be arranged for those unable to attend due to excessive distance.

School Psychology Emphasis (M.Ed.)

Students pursuing an emphasis in education with an emphasis in school psychology focus upon the implications of research findings in psychology and education for psychological services primarily in school settings. The school psychologist is viewed as pivotal in the provision of comprehensive support services to teachers, students, and parents. Comprehensive support service includes prevention, assessment, and intervention programs for all children. A primary objective is to train school psychologists to enhance the learning and development of students and to assist those who are at risk or in need of special education services. Students are admitted to a M.Ed. degree in Education and may petition during their third quarter of residency to pursue courses leading to the Pupil Personnel Services credential with specialization in school psychology, approved by the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. Students enrolled in other education programs may also petition to add this credential option, with admission contingent upon space availability.

Educational Leadership and Organizations Emphasis

The M.A. program with an emphasis in Educational Leadership and Organizations (ELO) is designed to provide conceptual and field-based training for students in the concepts of leadership, organizations and policy. The Ph.D. program with an emphasis in Educational Leadership and Organizations is designed to provide theoretical and research training to students in the concepts of leadership, organizations and policy. Topics addressed in ELO courses allow students to develop expertise in organizations, policies, leadership, organizational change and diversity, research methodologies, evaluation and finance. Depending upon their interests, and prior work and educational experience, graduates of the ELO emphasis are prepared to assume a variety of roles in K-12, post-secondary education, or other public and private organizations. Requirements for both degrees include required and elective courses as well as a series of examinations and papers. In conjunction with the M.A. or Ph.D., qualified students may also earn the preliminary or professional administrative services credential. Students pursuing a preliminary or professional credential must follow a prescribed program of courses. Specific program requirements are outlined in the ELO handbook. Contact (805) 893-3936.

The ELO emphasis reflects the belief that since educational leaders operate within diverse contexts, they must understand, appreciate, and integrate that diversity in all its forms including race, culture, language, class, gender, and ways of knowing. Within this framework there is a common core of knowledge, skills, and dispositions that all graduates of the emphasis are expected to obtain. However, students also have an opportunity to develop a program of study to meet their own goals and interests.

Educational Psychology Emphasis

The specializations within the educational psychology emphasis leading to the master's or doctoral degree are: human development and disability; language, culture, and literacy; research methodology; and teaching and learning.

Human Development and Disability

Students take a common core of classes which provide a base in developmental, behavioral, and psycho-social theory and may then choose to pursue one or both of the following: (1) Developmental, emphasizing the application of developmental theory to educational and family contexts; (2) Disability, emphasizing the development of atypical children within educational and family contexts. (Applicants interested in issues related to special education may apply to this specialization.) One master's strand is offered for those who plan to finish the M.A. and continue a professional career and another for those who are planning to pursue the Ph.D.

Language, Culture, and Literacy

This specialization focuses on issues of language, culture, and literacy in formal and informal settings from a variety of perspectives including cross-cultural, social, cognitive, and linguistic.

Research Methodology

This specialization serves as both a doctoral training emphasis and as a service uniting the Department of Education. Qualitative and quantitative methods are explored under this specialization. Doctoral training provides specialization in either quantitative or qualitative methods.

Teaching and Learning

The education of researchers and practitioners interested in the understanding and improvement of the teaching and learning process of diverse student populations is the focus of this specialization. This specialization is designed to complement knowledge and skills in advanced teaching and learning.

International/Comparative Education Specialization

The international/comparative education specialization is supported by the Department of Education's doctoral emphases. Students enrolled in any doctoral emphasis can investigate international and comparative educational issues related to their primary emphasis.

Faculty expertise in the GSE determines that the international/comparative specialization may focus geographically on Latin America and developing nations that border the Pacific Ocean, including countries of Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, and East Asia.

Optional Ph.D. Emphasis in Human Development (IHD)

Students pursuing a Ph.D. in this department may petition to add an emphasis in human development. The Interdisciplinary Program in Human Development (IHD) involves faculty from the Ph.D. programs in communication, counseling/clinical/school psychology, education, linguistics, psychology, and sociology. The program focuses on developmental theory and research across the lifespan, and may be particularly relevant to the dissertation research of some students. The program features a structured set of courses which are taught individually and collaboratively by faculty from a variety of disciplines.

Students who petition to add the emphasis in human development must fulfill the following requirements in addition to the requirements for the Ph.D. in their home department: (1) six quarters of proseminar Interdisciplinary 592; (2) four courses in addition to the proseminar, two of which must be outside the student's home department; (3) a minimum of one member of the student's doctoral committee must be a ladder faculty member officially affiliated with the Interdisciplinary Program in Human Development. Consult the department for additional information.

Ph.D. Emphasis in Language, Interaction and Social Organization (LISO)

Students pursuing a Ph.D. in the Departments of Education, Linguistics, or Sociology may petition the department to add an interdisciplinary emphasis in language, interaction, and social organization (LISO). This emphasis draws upon three approaches: interactional functional linguistics, ethnomethodology and conversational analysis, and interactional sociolinguistics.

In addition to the emphasis requirements, students must satisfy the requirements for the Ph.D. in their home department. Work in satisfaction of departmental Ph.D. requirements may also be used to satisfy emphasis requirements. The emphasis requires one quarter of Sociology 212R, Introduction to the Analysis of Recorded Interaction, and four quarters of Linguistics/Sociology/Education 274, Proseminar in Language, Interaction, and Social Organization, for credit. Students must complete a minimum of three elective courses from the courses listed below. Two of the elective courses must be from the same department outside the student's home department; only one elective course may be in the student's home department: Linguistics 201, 209, 212, 214, 227, 228, 237, 260, or 266; Sociology 236, 236I, 236V, 242 (Note: Sociology 236 is prerequisite for the subsequent courses in the sociology series); Education 221B, 221C, 270G, or 270H. Students must complete a research project; the project must be supervised by at least one participating faculty member. This requirement can be satisfied in either of two ways: (a) Completion of a paper reporting a post-M.A. research project which presents an analysis of interactional data and display command of the relevant literature. It must be written up in publishable form, though actual publication is not a requirement. (b) Successfully defend a dissertation centrally addressed to questions concerning language, interaction, and social organization; at least one member of the student's qualifying examination and dissertation committee must be a faculty member affiliated with LISO.

Questions or requests for additional information may be directed either to a participating faculty member or to LISO, c/o the Department of Sociology, UCSB, Santa Barbara, CA 93106.

Teaching Emphasis (M.Ed.)

This emphasis focuses on the preparation of educational leaders for the teaching profession. Students who enroll in the M.Ed. in education with an emphasis in teaching must concurrently pursue a multiple subject (elementary) or single subject (secondary) teaching credential. For more information see the following section on teaching credentials.

Teaching Credentials

The Graduate School of Education offers programs leading to the recommendation for the multiple subject (elementary) teaching credential (MST) and the single subject (secondary) teaching credential (SST). The single subject teaching credential is offered in English, Mathematics, Science, and Social Science. Both the multiple subject and single subject credentials are available with an optional emphasis in either the Crosscultural, Language, and Academic Development (CLAD) or Bilingual/Crosscultural, Language, and Academic Development (BCLAD) in Spanish. Both credentials are offered in conjunction with an optional master of education with an emphasis in teaching.

Admission to the Teacher Education Program requires a bachelor's degree from a regionally accredited institution. UCSB offers a large number of undergraduate majors for appropriate preparation for teaching at the elementary and secondary school levels.

Students who wish to apply to the Teacher Education Program should contact (805) 893-2084 at least one year prior to when they wish to enroll.

The professional preparation occurs during a post-baccalaureate year with teaching credential programs beginning only in summer. The program consists of a five-quarter (summer, fall through spring quarters, summer) progressive sequence of courses integrated with field experience in local schools. For those seeking BCLAD or CLAD Certification, the program may require further academic work. In addition to meeting the usual University standards of scholarship, candidates must clearly demonstrate their teaching aptitude and leadership abilities.

Teaching M.Ed.

An M.Ed. in education with an emphasis in teaching is also offered. This emphasis focuses on the preparation of educational leaders for the teaching profession. Students who enroll in the M.Ed. in education with an emphasis in teaching must concurrently pursue a multiple subject (elementary) or single subject (secondary) teaching credential. (See "Admissions" above.)

Multiple Subject Teaching Credential.

Prerequisites

The following prerequisites must be completed before beginning the teaching credential program.

a. Subject-matter competency in the subjects taught at the elementary level is required by either completing an approved multiple subject matter preparation program at the candidate's undergraduate institution or by attaining passing scores on the Multiple Subject Assessment for Teachers (MSAT) Exam.

b. Mathematics 100A-B (Mathematics for Elementary Teaching): This course must be completed with a grade of C, Pass, or better.

c. U.S. Constitution: A three quarter-unit course or approved examination covering the provisions and principles of the United States Constitution is required. At UCSB, Political Science 12 meets this requirement.

d. Education 109 (Health Education): This course must be completed with a grade of C, Pass, or better.

e. Field experience: Applicants are required to complete a minimum of 80 hours of field experience in an elementary school. For more information contact the field placement coordinator in the Graduate School of Education.

f. CBEST: Candidates are required to take the California Basic Education Skills Test (CBEST) before beginning the credential program. Candidates must pass the exam to receive a credential from the state.

Single Subject Teaching Credential.

Prerequisites

The following prerequisites must be completed before a student begins the teaching credential program.

a. Subject-matter competency in the teaching field is required. This is achieved by either completing an undergraduate single subject matter preparation program in the subject area at the candidate's undergraduate institution or by passing the PRAXIS II and SSAT state exams in the subject to be taught.

b. U.S. Constitution: A three quarter-unit course or approved examination covering the provisions and principles of the United States Constitution is required. At UCSB, Political Science 12 meets this requirement.

c. Education 109 (Health Education): This course must be completed with a grade of C, Pass, or better.

d. Field experience: Applicants are required to complete a minimum of 80 hours of field experience in a junior or senior high school. For more information contact the field placement coordinator in the Graduate School of Education.

e. CBEST: Candidates are required to take the California Basic Education Skills Test (CBEST) before beginning the credential program. Candidates must pass the exam to receive a credential from the state.

CLAD and BCLAD Emphasis:

Candidates applying for the single subject or multiple subject teaching credential in combination with either the CLAD or BCLAD emphasis must fulfill all program requirements, including course prerequisites. BCLAD emphasis candidates must also pass the Spanish Language Exam. For additional information regarding the requirements for CLAD or BCLAD, please contact the Teacher Education Program.

Standards of Scholarship

During the teaching credential program, students must complete a minimum of 45 post-baccalaureate units. Students must earn the grade of B or better in all required courses for the credential. Students must maintain a cumulative grade-point average of at least 3.0 to remain in good standing and to be awarded graduate degrees at UCSB. Students with cumulative grade-point averages below 3.0 are subject to dismissal. In addition to state and program requirements, students in the Teacher Education Program must meet university requirements found in the chapter "Graduate Education at UCSB."

Service Credentials

For additional information on the service credentials, contact the Graduate School of Education credential advisor at (805) 893-2036. Applicants must have a degree from a regionally accredited institution.

Preliminary and Professional Administrative Credential

The administrative services credential program is designed to train administrators to be responsive to the challenges which confront California education. It utilizes the strengths of a major research university to ground that research and theory in the problems of practice.

Pupil Personnel Services Credential

The pupil personnel services credential with specialization in school psychology is committed to a scientist-practitioner model of training in school psychology emphasizing the role of school psychologists as highly qualified practitioners and also as leader/innovators in comprehensive support services to schools.

Education Courses

Note: A lab fee may be required for some courses.

Upper Division

109S. Health Education
(3) Staff
Prerequisite: upper-division standing. Applicants to the UCSB Credential Program have priority.
Lecturers will introduce physiological, psychological and sociological factors that promote health and prevent disease including alcohol, narcotic, drug, and tobacco abuse; nutrition; chronic and infectious diseases; reproductive health and stress management. General educational applications will be presented in discussion sections.
 

109SS. Health Education
(3) Staff
Topics will include physiological, psychological, and sociological factors that promote health and prevent disease including alcohol, narcotics, drugs, and tobacco abuse; nutrition; chronic and infectious diseases; reproductive health; and stress management. General educational applications will be presented in discussion sections. (Offered in Summer Session only.)

121. Techniques of Field Observation in School Settings
(2) Staff
Prerequisites: prior experience in working with elementary or secondary ages in school settings with pre-professional volunteer track for at least one quarter. Junior or senior standing required. Consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 4 units.
Consideration of methods for observation and interpretation of teaching/learning behaviors in elementary and secondary classrooms. Emphasis will be placed on utilizing observational techniques to develop an integrated knowledge of classroom phenomenon.

122. Practicum in Field Observation in School Settings
(1) Hawthorne
Prerequisites: Education 121 (may be taken concurrently). Consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 3 units.
Provides undergraduate students an opportunity to experience the real world of teaching, to examine themselves in the role of potential teacher, to develop first-hand knowledge of the school environment, and to render service.

123A. Perspectives on Culture
(2) Snyder, Hudley-Paul
Prerequisites: must be enrolled in the Multiple Subject Matter Preparation Program (MSPP) in Teacher Education. Consent of instructor.
This course develops self-awareness and understanding of the cultural influences in one's own background as a first step toward understanding the culturally diverse learner.

123B. Cultural Pluralism
(2) Snyder, Hudley-Paul
Prerequisites: Education 123A and consent of instructor.
This course adds to an understanding of culture; the influences of culture on roles, status, and communication; and working constructively with cultures other than one's own.

124. Research on Teaching and Learning in Sociocultural Contexts
(3) Brenner, Duran
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 9 units.
Introduction to theory and research on teaching and learning from a sociocultural perspective. Students will examine data and findings emanating from research projects grounded in the local community and schools.

125. Social Foundations of Education
(3) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Must have applied to the UCSB Credential Program.
A study of the relationship between school and society. Social and political influences on education historically and currently will be examined. Schools as complex organizations with unique roles will be studied.

132. Community Ethnography
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor.
This course will examine how schools are situated in and related to the communities which surround them. Students will learn skills for understanding communities through course readings and field-based projects.

164. Introduction to Educational and Vocational Guidance
(3) Staff
Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor.
An overview of the theories and concepts involved in career decision-making. Develop working knowledge of career information and field survey techniques for understanding the job market in relation to economic trends.

165. Introduction to Counseling Psychology
(3) Staff
Prerequisite: upper-division standing. The lab for this course, Education 165L, is optional.
This course is designed for those considering or beginning counseling psychology as a career. The scientific and clinical aspects of the field, along with the historical development and new directions in counseling psychology, will be covered.

165L. Introduction to Counseling Psychology Laboratory
(1) Staff
Prerequisites: upper-division standing. Concurrent enrollment in Education 165 required.
Optional laboratory course for Education 165.

173. Introduction to Leadership Development
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: upper-division standing.
This course is an overview of theoretical constructs and practical applications of leadership. Through lectures, readings, discussions, and projects, the course will assist students in developing individual approaches to effective leadership.

175. Contemporary Special Education
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: junior or senior standing required.
A course in special education for undergraduate students and other non-majors covering the nature and needs of the handicapped pupil, special education programs and methods, contemporary social, legal, and educational issues.

175C. Contemporary Special Education
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: upper-division standing. This course is the same as Education 175, but is taught via computer with accompanying discussion sections.
A computer-based survey of contemporary special education. Covers the psychology and education of handicapped children and young adults, school programs and educational methods, and contemporary social, legal, and educational policy issues. Knowledge of computers is not required.

176A. Practicum in Special Education
(2-4) Staff
Prerequisites: upper-division standing, and enrollment in or completion of Education 175. May be repeated for a maximum of 12 units.
This course provides students with an opportunity for direct and guided experience in programs for the handicapped. Students are placed in public school and private agency programs in the community. Seminars emphasize special education service delivery systems and professional roles and careers in the field.

176B. Practicum in Individual Differences
(2-4) Staff
Prerequisites: Education 175; upper-division standing. May be repeated for a maximum of 12 units.
Students work with individuals enrolled in the Educational Clinic of the Laboratory for Research in Individual Differences. Students develop skills in using behavior management and microcomputer technology for remediating learning problems in mathematics, reading, and language development.

199. Independent Studies
(1-5) Staff
Prerequisites: students must (1) have attained upper-division standing; (2) have a minimum 3.0 grade-point average for the preceding three quarters; (3) have completed at least two upper-division courses in education. Students are limited to 5 units per quarter and 30 units total in all 98/99/198/199/199RA courses combined. Open only to advanced students approved by the department chair.
Study of special problems in various fields of education.

199RA. Independent Research Assistance
(1-5) Staff
Prerequisites: students must (1) have attained upper-division standing; (2) have a minimum 3.0 grade point average for the preceding three quarters; (3) have completed at least two upper-division courses; (4) have consent of instructor and department. Students are limited to 5 units per quarter and 30 units total in all 98/99/198/199/199RA courses combined.
Coursework shall consist of faculty supervised research assistance.


Graduate Courses

200. Research Methods in Education
(4) Staff
Basic principles of scientific method exemplified by qualitative and quantitative research methods.

201A. Qualitative Research Design
(4) Brenner, Kelly
Prerequisite: prior qualitative research methods courses or consent of instructor.
Writing a literature review, sampling, issues of quality, ethics, writing a research proposal and other topics relevant to designing qualitative research projects.

201B. Survey Research Design
(4) Okamoto, Rumberger
Prerequisite consent of instructor.
The design of original surveys and the use of existing surveys in educational research. Topics include sampling, questionnaire construction, scales and coding, data management, and supplemental data from school records.

201C. Research Design and Methods in Professional Psychology
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Not open for credit to students who have completed Education 277B.
Examination of both clinical and statistical approaches to professional psychology research. Special attention devoted to conceptualizing and developing research proposals in the area of professional psychology.

201D. Single Case Experimental Design
(4) Furlong, Koegel
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Not open for credit to students who have completed Education 213A.
Students design and critique original single case experimental projects. The course covers the internal logic of each design; internal validity; external validity; development of reliable dependent measures and observational systems, as well as issues regarding social validity.

201E. Computer Analysis and Single Subject Design
(4) Furlong, Koegel
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Not open for credit to students who have completed Education 213B.
Topics related to the analysis of data generated through various single-subject research designs, including techniques of graphic representation, visual analysis, randomization analysis, meta analysis and time-series approaches.

202A. Language Development
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Same course as Psychology 236.
This course describes theoretical and empirical accounts of the knowledge representations and psychological processes underlying language comprehension and production. Representative topics include discourse processing; conversational interaction; memory for words, sentences, and text; metalinguistic skills, language development, and second-language learning.

202B. Learning to Read and Learning from Reading
(4) Staff
Research on acquisition of literacy and content learning in schools is examined from an information processing analyses of texts, characteristics of instruction, and individual differences within the learner.

203A. Foundations of Education
(3) Kok
Prerequisite: admission to Single Subject Credential Program.
The application of psychological principles to the educative process, personality, and assessment. Other topics include discipline, design of instruction, and adolescent behavior and development.

203D. Applications of Computers to Educational Purposes-I
(2) Copeland
Prerequisites: admission to Multiple Subject or Single Subject Teaching credential program, and consent of instructor.
Examination of varieties of computer-based technologies used in schools including computer-assisted instruction, computers as instructional tools, and computer-managed instruction. Acquisition of knowledge and skills necessary to use computer software and hardware in instructional settings.

203E. Applications of Computers to Educational Purposes-II
(2) Copeland
Prerequisites: admission to Multiple Subject or Single Subject Teaching credential program, and consent of instructor.
Exploration of issues related to use of computer-based technologies in schools, including those of their access, use, and control in a democratic society; their use for development of problem solving, critical thinking, and creativity; and their integration into the school curriculum.

205. Comparative Education
(4) Staff
Analysis of the role of education in developing nations; a study of educational problems and attempted solutions in societies of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, and the Pacific Islands.

206. Epistemology and Education
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Theories of knowledge are brought to bear on educational issues such as pedagogy, research traditions, and curricular legitimization. The course treats epistemological topics such as perception, objectivity, argumentation, rationality, theories, paradigms, and the aims of social science research.

207. Sociolinguistics in the Classroom
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: admission to M.A. or Ph.D. program.
Aspects of language as it functions in instructional contexts. Topics covered include conversational analysis, nonverbal communication, direction following, children's understanding and use of language in social situations, functions of oral and written language, and sociocultural effects on communication styles.

208 Applied Rhetoric, Poetics, and Linguistics
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Examines current and seminal theory and research in the areas of literary criticism, rhetoric, composition, linguistics, and language acquisition as they apply to the teaching of English in grades 7-14.

209A. Theories of Child Development
(4) Staff
Survey of general issues in development and approaches to the study of child development, including the learning theory, normative, information processing and Piagetian viewpoints. Analysis covers characteristics, underlying assumptions, and research evidence that bears upon the likely validity of the theories.

209B. Social Development
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: Education 209A or consent of instructor.
This course surveys the processes and content of human social development from infancy to adolescence. Topics include family socialization practices, the development of aggression and prosocial behavior, gender differences, peer and media influences, and social cognition.

209E. Seminar In Human Development
(1-6) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated.
In-depth consideration of emerging topics in human development. Course content may vary.

210A. Human Memory and Cognitive Processes
(4) Staff
Survey of theoretical approaches and empirical findings in the areas of learning, memory, psycholinguistics, and cognitive processing. Topics include structure and process models of memory, nature of the information-processing approach, and related experimental methodology and findings.

210B. Cognitive Development
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
This course presents a broad perspective of cognitive development and focuses on topics such as perception, problem solving, meta cognition, etc. The educational application of cognitive research will also be covered.

210D. Seminar in Language, Culture and Literacy
(1-6) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated.
In-depth consideration of emerging topics in language, culture, and literacy. Course content will vary.

211. Psychological Foundations of Education in the Elementary School
(3) Staff
Prerequisites: admission to Multiple Subject Credential Program and consent of instructor.
Interdisciplinary approaches to theory and research on student behavior.

211B. Development: Infancy and Early Childhood
(4) Staff
Theoretical bases and empirical findings on the development of children from conception through pre-school age across various areas of competency; such as, social language, moral, cognitive, and motor.

211C. Development: Middle Childhood Through Adolescence
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: Education 211B or consent of instructor.
Theoretical bases and empirical findings on the development of children from age six through adolescence across various areas of competency; such as, social language, moral, cognitive, and motor.

211D. Issues in Human Development
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Particular issues in human development will be discussed and critiqued.

214A. Qualitative Research Methods and Descriptive Statistics
(4) Ho, Rumberger
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Introduction to quantitative research methods used in educational research and the use of descriptive statistics for analyzing univariate and bivariate distributions of quantitative data, including measures of central tendency and variability, correlation and linear regression.

214B. Inferential Statistics
(4) Zwick
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Introduction to the principles of hypothesis testing and interval estimation. Introductory probability theory, bivariate correlation and regression, one- and two-way analysis of variance, basic nonparametric methods, and techniques for categorical data analysis.

214C. Linear Models for Data Analysis
(4) Zwick
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Intermediate data analysis methods, all of which can be considered to be instances of a general linear model. Selected topics in multiple regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA), including regression with qualitative independent variables, logistic regression models, one-and two-way ANOVA models and analysis of covariance.

215A. Introduction to Testing and Measurement
(4) Cosden, Duran
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Not open for credit to students who have completed Education 219A.
An introduction to testing and assessment in education and education-related fields. Topics include basic concepts and issues in testing and assessment, and professional standards for test development and test use. Elementary notions of test design, and evaluation of reliability of tests and assessments are introduced through hands-on activities.

215B. Psychometrics
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Introduction to statistical theories of test scores, including: classical test theory and item response theory. Presentation of methods for evaluating psychometric properties of tests. Topics include validity, reliability, test bias, differential item functioning, scaling, equating, and new trends in testing.

215C. Psychometrics
(4) Zwick
Prerequisite: Education 215B or consent of instructor.
Introduction to statistical theories of test scores, including classical test theory and item response theory. Presentation of methods for evaluating psychometric properties of tests. Topics include validity, reliability, test bias, differential item functioning, scaling, equating, and new trends in testing.

215D. Special Topics in Psychometrics
(4) Zwick
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Exploration of an advanced or specialized topic in psychometrics.

216A. Advanced Mutivariate Statistics
(4) Zwick
Prerequisite: Education 214A, 214B, 214C, or consent of instructor.
The theory and application of multivariate statistics, including multivariate analysis of variance, discriminant analysis, and canonical correlation. Instruction in the necessary matrix algebra will be provided.

216B. Introduction to Multivariate Statistics in Education
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: Education 214A-B.
Advanced statistics devoted to multivariate distribution theory and analysis; multivariate analysis of variance, discriminant analysis, and canonical correlation. A review of the necessary matrix algebra will be included.

216C. Hierarchical Linear Models
(4) Rumberger
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Many educational phenomena operate at multiple levels, such as the effects of school characteristics on student achievement. This course introduces students to statistical techniques for estimating linear models involving multilevel data, including time periods, individuals, and institutions.

216D. Seminar in Quantitative Research Methods
(4) Zwick
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Exploration of an advanced or specialized topic in statistics or research methodology.

218A. Professional Organizations
(1) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
This course explores issues related to professional training and practice in scientific-professional psychology. Topics include internship, graduate training models, history of scientific-professional psychology, professional organizations, credentialing, licensure and employment settings.

218B. Descriptive Diagnosis
(1) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
This course continues with topics covered in Education 218A related to professional training and practice in applied psychology.

218C. Gender Issues
(1) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
This is the third course in a sequence. This course will explore gender and sexual differences in the application of psychotherapy and counseling procedures.

218D. Sex Therapy
(1) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
This is the fourth course in a sequence and will introduce the concepts of sex therapy. This course is designed to meet the requirements for California State licensure of psychologists.

218E. Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse
(1) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
This is the fifth course in a sequence and will address drug and alcohol abuse. The course is designed to meet the requirements for licensure as a psychologist in the state of California.

218F. Family Violence
(1) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
This is the sixth course in a sequence. This course is devoted to explorations of family violence and its treatment. It will include an exploration of child abuse, elder abuse, spouse abuse, and will include discussions of emotional and physical and sexual abuse.

219B. Teaching Students and Curriculum Design
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Introduction to contemporary instructional research. Process-product, process-process, and context-process research are reviewed and applied to research on teacher-training and effective schooling.

219C. Motivating Students
(4) Staff
An exploration of contemporary school motivation theory. Emphasis is placed on modern cognitive and effective theories of intrinsic motivation: attribution, ability, achievement, self-worth, flow, and self-determination.

220A-B-C. Social Networks
(4-4-4) Staff
Prerequisites: Mathematics 30 and an introductory course in statistics, or consent of instructor.
This course sequence introduces: (a) concepts, methods, and results of graph and network theory; (b) related probability and matrix theory; (c) selected computational routines and simulations; and (d) applications to social cohesion, position, balance, power, influence, exchange, and diffusion.

221A. Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods
(4) Cook-Gumperz, Kelly
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
An overview of qualitative research methods; focus on study of techniques for data collection and analysis within various disciplinary perspectives; student participation in field research methods. Introduction to qualitative data analysis programs.

221B. Qualitative Interviewing
(4) Cook-Gumperz, Brenner
Prerequisite: Education 221A or consent of instructor.
Qualitative interviewing methods including ethnographic interviews, life histories, cognitive maps and think-a-loud interviews. How to conduct interviews with different kinds of informants.

221C. Observation
(4) Cook-Gumperz, Kyratzis
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Observational methods constitute the backbone of qualitative research and have a long research history. This course provides some insight into the range of methods and techniques available, and explores the thinking that has shaped the individual methods. Issues that different methods were designed to deal with, research agendas that developed as a result, and implications these have for social research in educational settings.

221D. Classroom Ethnography
(4) Dixon, Green
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Examination of the pre-fieldwork and fieldwork phases of ethnography in school and classroom settings including issues of entry and access, theoretical frameworks, indexing data, and processes of data collection and analysis.

221E. Analyzing Ethnographic and Sociolinguistic Data
(4) Dixon, Green
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Examination of ways of analyzing classroom ethnography data, socioloinguistic and ethnographic approaches to data analysis, and issues in data analysis. Involves participants in data analysis of a common data set.

221F. Community Ethnography
(4) Brenner, Green
Prerequisite: Education 221A or consent of instructor.
How to carry out ethnographic research in order to explore the relationship between schools, families, and communities.

222A. Introduction to Exceptional Children
(4) Staff
An overview of the historical, social, and legislative foundations of the education of the exceptional pupil. Survey of the range and nature of disabilities requiring special education.

222B. Psychology and Education of Learning Disabled and Behavior Disordered Children
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: Education 222A or equivalent.
Course surveys definition and classification issues regarding individuals labeled learning disabled, emotionally disturbed, or behavior disordered. Cognitive and behavioral characteristics of individuals presented, analyzed, and discussed. Major attention given to instructional experiments yield valid and functional descriptions of learning difficulty.

222C. Psychology and Education of Mentally Retarded Children
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: Education 222A or equivalent.
This course is designed to study the developmental, cognitive and affective characteristics of mentally retarded children. Special education theory and principles of educational modification for these students are also covered.

222D-E-F. Proseminar: Policy Research Issues in Special Education
(4-4-4) Staff
Prerequisites: Education 222A-B-C or consent of program leader.
Contemporary policy research issues related to referral, assessment, identification, and placement of handicapped children in the schools. Includes review of literature, analysis, construction, and evaluation of variables contributing to least restrictive environments for the handicapped: IEP and instructional paradigms, due process, parent involvement, and personnel development.

222G. Seminar: Advanced Topics in Special Education
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: advanced standing in the M.A. program, the M.Ed. program, or consent of program leader.
Consideration of alternative instructional environments for handicapped pupils, new instructional roles for teachers, and leadership and consultation skills.

222H-I-J. Research Seminar: Policy Research in Special Education
(4-4-4) Staff
Prerequisites: consent of instructor. Open to graduate students in special education and related areas of specialization.
Students are required to propose and conduct research studies on policy issues related to the education of handicapped children in the schools.

223A. Instructional Methods for Learning Handicapped Pupils
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: Education 222A.
Course covers methods of instructional management, classroom organization, curriculum selection and modification, individual education program planning and evaluation.

223B. Instructional Methods and Classroom Management for Handicapped Pupils
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: Education 222A. Education 229A is to be taken concurrently with this course. Fieldwork will be correlated with course content.
Implementation of individual educational programs, instructional management, selection modification of curriculum, and techniques of behavior management.

223C. Early Childhood Education of the Handicapped Child
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: Education 222A.
Identification, planning, and delivery of special educational interventions for the preschool handicapped child. Includes review of relevant literature and service models.

223D. Issues and Instruction in Critical Life Span Needs
(4) Singer
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Contemporary research and programmatic developments in special education towards critical skills needed throughout life in natural communities. Issues discussed include: social integration, advocacy, vocational service design, post secondary programs, deinstitutionalization and critical skills necessary for maximum independent living.

223E. Psycho-Educational Assessment and Evaluation of Handicapped Children
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Methods of psycho-educational assessment and evaluation for identification, planning, placement, and review of progress of handicapped children in the public schools. Includes consideration of screening and diagnostic instruments and procedures, as well as instruments and materials to assure nondiscriminatory assessment.

223F. Family and Cross-Cultural Issues in Special Education
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: Education 222B-C or consent of instructor.
Issues in the integration of support and social systems (family and culture) for the identification and provision of special education service, and the role of cultural factors on intervention with handicapped children of different ethnic backgrounds.

223G. Social Psychology of the Handicapped
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Includes reviews of relevant research on development of social competence in handicapped children, and perceptions, somatopsychology, expectations, and interactions with adults and peers.

223H. Administrative and Legal Issues in Special Education
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: Education 222B-C or equivalent, and consent of instructor.
Legal requirements and responsibilities of special education administrators. Includes consideration of resource allocations, provision of procedural safeguards to parents, and initiation of innovations in organizing and administering special education programs in the schools.

223I. Secondary Education of Learning Handicapped Pupils
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: Education 222B-C and consent of instructor.
Topics include adolescent development of the handicapped, educational alternatives, methods, secondary school curriculum, career counseling, and vocational preparation of handicapped youth.

223J. A Typical Language Development and Its Rehabilitation
(4) Staff
This course focuses on the etiology and treatment of language disorders associated with a variety of handicap conditions. Topics include the language characteristics of handicapped children, the assessment of language ability, design and implementation, and evaluation programs.

223K. Effective Teacher Behavior Seminar and Laboratory
(4) Staff
May be repeated to maximum of 12 units.
A laboratory-based seminar on effective teacher behavior. Students review research literature and systematically define, observe, and evaluate specified teacher behavior in the laboratory and in the field.

224A. Analyzing Classroom Discourse
(4) Green
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Examination of the nature of discourse, linguistic constructs and how they apply to the study of discourse in classrooms, and issues in transcribing and analyzing classroom talk.

224B. Narrative Analysis
(4) Cook-Gumperz, Kyratzis
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Linguistic/stylistic and thematic/content analyses, and structural approaches to the classic narrative theory. Exploration of how narratives are used to shape personal shared reality and social relationships; the power of narrative; how narratives are embedded in conversations; and differences in narrative across gender and culture.

225E. Social Foundations of Education/Elementary
(3) Staff
Prerequisites: admission to the Elementary Credential Program in Education. Consent of instructor. Not open to students who have completed Sociology 164 or Education 125.
A study of the relationship between school and society. Social and political influences on education, historically and currently, will be examined. Schools as a complex organization with unique roles will be studied.

225S. Social Foundations of Education/Secondary
(3) Staff
Prerequisites: admission to the Secondary Credential Program in Education; consent of instructor. Not open to students who have completed Sociology 164 or Education 125.
A study of the relationship between school and society. Social and political influences of education, historically and currently, will be examined. Schools as a complex organization with unique roles will be studied.

226A. Early Childhood Learning and Development
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Course focuses on learning and developmental concepts concerning children from birth to 11 years of age. Theories acquired are placed within a context of home and school. There will be a special emphasis on Piagetian theory.

226B. Semiotic Functions: Play, Dreams, and Imitation in Early Childhood
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
The course is designed to explore the role of play, dreams, and imitation as mechanisms for conceptual understanding and as their function in representation.

226C. Socialization in Early Childhood
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
This course explores how preschool and early elementary school children are socialized as learners, how they feel about themselves and how they relate to others. Influences of culture, family, and individual characteristics will be examined.

229A. Practicum in Special Classes for Learning Handicapped Pupils
(2-12) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Supervised field-based practicum in instruction and management of special day classes for learning handicapped pupils.

229B. Internship in Special Education
(2-12) Staff
Prerequisites: advanced standing in the doctoral program and consent of program leader.
Field placement in private, local, state, or federal education agency to acquire experience in research and policy formulation on issues related to delivery of educational services to handicapped pupils.

229C. Practicum in Special Education Programs for Severely Handicapped Pupils
(2-12) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Supervised field-based practicum in instruction and management of special education programs for severely handicapped pupils.

229D. Site Visit Practicum in Special Education
(2-4) Staff
The program is designed to acquaint students with the various public school and community agency programs that serve the handicapped. Students visit at least five different programs and volunteer in one of them.

229E. Practicum in Psycho-Educational Assessment of Learning
(2-4) Staff
Development of skills in administration and interpretation of standardized and informal tests. Test ethics, participation in multidisciplinary assessment also covered.

230. Developmental and Remedial Reading
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
A course for the classroom teacher and the specialized reading teacher, emphasizing practical, innovative techniques in the reading program. Offered summer session only.

231A-B-C-D. Developmental and Remedial Reading Laboratory
(1-4, 1-4, 1-4, 1-4) Staff
Prerequisite: admission to the MA in reading or consent of instructor.
An advanced course in developmental and remedial reading. A practical laboratory experience. Students will learn to implement instructional programs with remedial and developmental reading students.

232A. Reading Diagnosis
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
First course in reading diagnosis. Course emphasizes the selection and implementation of diagnostic practices and prescription in both developmental and remedial reading programs.

232B. Advanced Reading Diagnosis
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: Education 232A.
Second course in reading diagnosis and prescription intended for the person organizing and implementing developmental and remedial programs in the schools.

233W-S. The Roles of a Reading Specialist
(2-2) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. A two quarter in progress sequence course with grades for both quarters issued upon completion of 233S.
Seminar discussions examine (among others) roles of reading specialists as curriculum designer, program evaluator, change agent, and proposal writer. Major project will involve evaluation of a schoolwide reading program.

234. Linguistics for Teachers
(4) Staff
Linguistic theory and its applications to the teaching of language and reading skills. The course will survey topics in phonetics, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.

236A-B-C. Seminar in Action Research Methodology and Practice
(4-4-4) Chrispeels, Conley, Rumberger
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Not open for credit to students who have completed Education 249B.
Examination of action research as a way to address educational and social issues and as an attitude toward learning and action by engaging students in collective and individual action research cycles to improve practice. Course sequence meets fieldwork requirements for ASC Tier II and is a research methodology option for Teaching and Learning Ed. Psych. M.A. students.

237A. Labor Relations
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Introductory study of legal and substantive issues, cases, problems in negotiations, dispute settlement techniques and private and public sector comparison.

237B. Labor Relations and School Law
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: admission to Administrative Services Credential program and/or M.A. program in Educational Policy and Organization.
Study of legal/substantive issues, cases, negotiation problems, dispute settlement techniques and private/public sector comparison. Study of school law history including significant cases; education, administrative, welfare, institutional, and other relevant codes; and opinions of courts, attorney general, and county counsel.

238. Children's Literature
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Topics include the development of tastes and interests, values and attitudes; standards for the creating of children's literature; bibliotherapy-the problems approach; individualized reading-balancing the diet; interrelationships with total curriculum; experimenting with children's literature. (Offered in Summer Session only.)

239. School Law
(4) Staff
The history of school law including significant cases will be reviewed along with a study of the education, administrative, welfare, institutional, and other relevant codes. Opinions of the courts, attorney general, and county counsel will also be studied.

240A. Education Policy
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
An introduction to education policy that will examine both the process of education policy and a series of substantive issues that are commonly the focus of education policy at the state and federal levels.

240B. Economic Analysis and Education Policy
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: Education 240A.
This course will examine the use of economic theory and concepts, i.e., human capital theory, public finance, and cost-effectiveness evaluation, as a basis for understanding and solving a variety of current education policy problems.

240C. Advanced Seminar in Educational Policy
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
An in-depth analysis of literature and topics in various areas of education policy. Topics will be geared to particular student interests.

240D. Seminar in Higher Education Research and Policy
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
This course addresses current research and policy issues in higher education.

241A. Politics of Education
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Examines the relationship between politics and education in a democratic society. The seminar focuses on the role of politics in defining the purposes of education, its content and governance, and the ways that schools shape the policy of their socializing function.

241B. Politics of Education
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
A systematic examination of governance and politics of education in local, state, national, and international contexts. Emphasis is placed on various processes and mechanisms of politicization of educational governance.

242A. Organizational Theories
(4) Conley
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Survey of prominent theories about how organizations function, how and why some organizations flourish while others might flounder, how organizations encourage as well as discourage innovation and creativity, and how different theories project different realities about organizations.

242B. Individuals and Organizations: Selected Topics
(4) Conley
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Examination of theories and research pertaining to selected topics concerning the theme of individuals and organizations. Topics include affective reactions to work (e.g., job satisfaction and organizational commitment) and professional-organizational conflict.

242C. Theories of Organizational Change and Development
(4) Chrispeels
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Not open for credit to students who have completed Education 261B.
An overview of organizational change and development theories, with special focus on the concepts of organizational complexity and learning and the problems of change. Students analyze and apply theories through class papers and projects.

242D. School Reform
(4) Block
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Not open for credit to students who have completed Education 255C.
In-depth examination of contemporary trends in schooling with special emphasis on current literature on effective schooling, mastery learning, and school reform.

242E. Advanced Topics in Complex Organizations
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Not open for credit to students who have completed Education 242B.
Intensive literature review and discussion of an active research topic in the field of complex/formal organizations. Topic may vary from year to year.

243. The School Administrator and Supervisory Practice
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
The role of the school administrator through theoretical and practical contexts will be explored.

244. Organizations and Interpersonal Relations
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Theoretical and experiential course on "human side of management." Applies knowledge of intergroup relations (e.g. cooperation, competition, the "isms") to organizations. Emphasizes the effects on interpersonal relations of various organizational and identity group memberships of individuals.

245A. Educational Finance
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
An introduction to the financing of education at the school, district, county, state, and federal levels. Emphasis will be given to the economic foundations of school financing.

246A. Evaluation in Educational Administration
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Educational evaluation is examined as an executive function. Emphasis is on practices, models, and studies of program and personnel evaluation and the integration of educational evaluation within the context of educational decision making.

246B. Evaluation in Educational Administration
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Theories and practices of program and personnel evaluation, including use of research methodology in evaluation and construction of evaluation instruments. Emphasis on program characteristics, personnel behavior, characteristics, and possible correlations with student achievement. Evaluation results as inputs for administrative decision making.

247A. Educational Leadership
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Systematic analysis of the antecedents and consequences of administrator behavior in a variety of educational settings.

247B. Advanced Seminar in Administrator Behavior and Effects
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
In-depth analysis of the literature on administrator behavior and effects in educational organizations, including preparation of independent critiques.

249A. Field Experience in Educational Administration
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
School site based field experience working with local school administrators. Two quarters are required to meet California Teacher Credential requirements for the Administrative Services Credential.

249D. Practicum in Human Resource Administration
(2) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
The course addresses the practical dimensions of human resource administration and the need to attract, retain, develop, and motivate school personnel in ways that enhance student learning and lead to a positive and productive school climate.

249E. Practicum in Use of Technology in Education
(2) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
This course will examine and use technology for instructional and administrative purposes in schools, including acquisition, community support, faculty use, curriculum development, potential impacts on student learning. Students will develop a technology plan for a school as part of the course requirements.

250A-B-C-D. Doctoral Seminar in Educational Leadership and Organizations
(4-4-4-4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
A seminar for post-comprehensive exam students with the intent of helping to define areas, problems, specific questions, and methodologies for doctoral research. Topics and instructors may vary from quarter to quarter.

251. Families, Schools, and Communities
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Course explores the critical link between families, schools, community and children's school success. Examines history, theory and practice of home-school-community partnerships and addresses skills needed by educators for success with diverse families and interagency collaboration.

253D. Seminar in Teaching and Learning
(1-6) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated.
In-depth consideration of emerging topics in teaching and learning. Course content may vary.

254. Instructional Supervision and Curriculum Design
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: enrollment in the M.A. and/or Administrative Services Credential Program.
A study of systematic approaches to supervision, and basic conceptions about curriculum theory, design, and evaluation. The role of the administrator as supervisor and developer of curriculum is also examined.

255A. Being a Student
(4) Staff
This course focuses on the nature of the student role. Specifically it examines school and classroom life from the student perspective drawing on literature from educational sociology, social psychology, and anthropology.

255B. Being a Teacher
(4) Block
Classrooms are considered as social systems. Special attention is paid to the roles of student and teacher using literature from sociology, social psychology, and anthropology.

258A. Seminar in Curriculum: Reading
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Recent developments, review, and evaluation of current research in curriculum will be explored.

258B. Seminar in Curriculum: Mathematics
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Examination of mathematics curricula from several points of view: historical, theoretical, and in practice. Special attention will be given to comparing curricula advocated by the reform movement to curricula currently used in schools.

258C. Seminar in Curriculum: Social Studies
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
The course explores historical and recent developments in curriculum development research in Social Studies grades K-12.

258D. Seminar in Curriculum: Science
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
The course covers the review and evaluation of recent developments in curriculum development and research in science.

259. Psychopathology
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Same course as Psychology 244.
Empirical and clinical approaches to understanding the antecedents, processes, and modification of psychopathology.

261A. Multicultural Organization Management
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Introductory course on the theory and practice of leading multicultural groups such as project reams, boards, and training groups. There will be an experiential component to this class.

261C. Human Resource Development
(4) Conley
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Human resources as a "frame" for examining what individuals bring to their organizations, performances/experiences; what happens as various organizational systems deal with individual organizational members; choices organizational members make about jobs and careers; and the role of interpersonal and group processes.

262. Seminar in Professional Psychology
(4) Staff
Consideration of emerging topics in counseling, clinical, and/or school psychology. Course content may vary.

263A. Advanced Counseling Theories and Techniques
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: Education 265 and 275.
The course explores techniques of psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, behavioral, experimental, and systems theories through prominent psychotherapy manuals. Students will develop basic proficiency in two of these manuals and address their value for diverse populations.

263B. Consultation in the Schools and Community
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Review of major models of consultation (e.g., mental health, behavioral, organizational) as they apply to school and community settings. Emphasis is on the development of generic techniques of problem solving, conflict resolution and program development.

264A. Administration of Guidance Services
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Students are exposed to a variety of counselor roles, counseling techniques, and current issues associated with school counseling.

264C. Principles of Behavior Management
(4) Staff
History and philosophy of behavior management approaches; behavioral assessment procedures; treatment delivery paradigms; parent-training; non-aversive/aversive issues; generalization and maintenance of treatment gains; cause, evaluation of behavior changes, medicine, self-management.

264D. Psychoeducational Strategies in the Schools
(4) Staff
Group and individual strategies for prevention and intervention with children and adolescents in the schools. Problems and processes involved in the implementation of these strategies and programs by support services personnel will also be explored.

265. Basic Practicum
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: admission to Counseling/Clinical/School Psychology Program.
This course provides students with the opportunity to practice basic helping skills in interviewing and assessing in conjunction with material presented in Education 266B.

265SS. Fieldwork in Counseling and Concurrent Seminar
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Intensive supervised fieldwork in counseling. A minimum of one full day in an approved practicum setting plus individual and group supervision at the university are required. (SS)

266B. Cognitive Assessment in Professional Psychology
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: concurrent enrollment in Education 219A. Consent of instructor.
This course provides in-depth coverage of the Wechsler series, the Stanford Binet (4th ed.) and other major tests of cognitive ability. A general approach to test administration and interpretation is stressed. General issues in test bias are used to guide class discussion.

266C. Personality Assessment in Professional Psychology
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: Education 219A.
Students will learn how to evaluate, administer, score, and interpret assessment instruments commonly used in professional psychology to evaluate normal and abnormal aspects of personality, mood states, affective states, and behavior patterns. MMPI, Rorshach, 16 PF, and Personality Inventory for Children will be used.

266D. Behavioral and Emotional Assessment of Children and Youth
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: Education 266B and consent of instructor.
A course for students interested in behavioral and developmental testing and procedures as part of a comprehensive assessment of behavioral and emotional development in children/youth. Presentation of major behavior rating scales, self-reports, and individually administered tests.

267. Group Dynamics
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Theoretical and experiential introduction to group processes in small face-to-face groups. Course will include participation in a self-analytic training group.

268A. Advanced Fieldwork: General
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: Education 265 or consent of instructor.
Practice in defined developmental or therapeutic models with a focus on specific populations in the Ray E. Hosford Clinic.

268B. Advanced Fieldwork: School Psychology
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: three quarters of Education 268A.
Advanced supervised fieldwork in an approved school setting under supervision of a credentialed school psychologist. A minimum of two full days of fieldwork plus supervision at the university are required.

268C. Advanced Fieldwork: Counseling Psychology
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: three quarters of Education 268A.
Advanced supervised fieldwork in an approved counseling setting under the supervision of a licensed psychologist. A minimum of two full days in an approved setting is required.

268D. Advanced Fieldwork: Clinical Psychology
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: Education 268A.
Advanced supervised fieldwork in an approved clinical setting under the supervision of a licensed psychologist. A minimum of two full days in an approved setting is required.

268E. Advanced Fieldwork in Counseling: Counselor Education
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: at least 8 quarters of practicum experience in a clinical, counseling, or school setting; and consent of instructor.
Supervised fieldwork experience in the supervision of beginning counselors. A minimum of three hours per week of classroom experience and work in individual and group supervision seminars.

268F. Internship in School Psychology
(6-12) Staff
Prerequisite: Education 268B.
Advanced internship in school psychology in a setting approved by faculty. Twenty to 40 hours weekly of fieldwork under the supervision of a credentialed school psychologist are required.

268I. Internship in Professional Psychology
(6-12) Staff
Prerequisites: consent of instructor and advancement to candidacy.
Advanced fieldwork internship in an approved setting. Twenty to 40 hours weekly (minimum of 1500 hours) of fieldwork under supervision of a licensed psychologist. Setting must be approved by CCSP faculty.

269A. Family Therapy
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: Education 265 or consent of instructor.
Focus on systems theories of family therapy. Topics include: Strategic, Systemic, Structural, and Bowenian theories of family therapy.

269B. Counseling Children
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: Education 265 or consent of instructor.
Focus on the application of counseling and psychotherapy to children and adolescents. Topics include: theories and practice of play therapy, short term school-based counseling, and other types of verbal therapy.

270A. Classrooms as Cultures
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
This course examines classrooms as cultures and overviews anthropological studies of classroom processes to identify factors that support and/or constrain learning in classrooms. Topics to be explored include: classroom discourse, school culture, peer culture, situated learning.

270C. Race and Ethnicity in American Education: A Comparative History
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Offers a historical overview of minority education in our public schools with emphasis on urban multiethnic student populations and their struggle for educational equity. A research paper is required.

270D. Seminar in Crosscultural Education: Concepts and Theories
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Presents the theoretical foundations of cross-cultural education with emphasis on its history, rationale, and objectives.

270G. Crosscultural Curriculum Development in Content Areas
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Offers the theoretical rationale for curriculum development in cross-cultural education with its specific goals and objectives in social science, mathematics, science, and related areas.

270H. Language, Culture and Learning
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Explores the effect of language, culture, background, and values on learning processes and the implications for the development of appropriate instructional strategies.

271A. Sex and Gender Issues
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: Education 265A and 275.
Overview of sex and gender in counseling process and outcome. Topics will include sex/gender of counselor, sex/gender of client, lifespan development and problems of men and women, counseling across sex and across gender identification.

271B. Counseling of Women
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Topics include: (1) facts, myths, and trends regarding female roles, and their implication for counseling; (2) female sex-role socialization and its impact on psychological adjustments; (3) research on counselor attitudes towards women and men; (4) counseling needs of special groups of women.

272. Developmental Discontinuities of Children and Youth
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Examination of non-pathological developmental problems in children and youth including behavioral concerns encountered by teachers and parents: bedwetting, tantrums, noncompliance, childhood fears, and other topics.

273. Risk and Resiliency
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
An in-depth review of research literature related to risk and resiliency concepts based on research from fields of developmental psychopathology, developmental delay, school drop-out, and substance abuse prevention.

274. Proseminar in Language, Interaction, and Social Organization
(2-4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit. Same course as Sociology 274 and Linguistics 274.
Discussion of current research, literature, and theoretical and methodological issues in language and social interaction.

275. Counseling Philosophies and Theories
(4) Staff
Develops an understanding and appreciation of the major philosophies and theories in the field of professional psychology. Special attention is directed towards examination of applicability of theories and inherent techniques to racial/ethnic minority populations.

276. Services in the Schools
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Consideration of social, legal, and administrative aspects of providing services to children in the schools who are at-risk or have disabilities. Prevention, intervention systems, special education services, pupil personnel services, school-linked services, child welfare and attendance systems will be covered.

277A. Ethical Standards in Professional Psychology
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Course examines scientific and professional ethics in applied psychology. In addition to reviewing existing standards, the course focuses on a range of ethical and legal issues such as confidentiality, dual relationships, and client rights.

277C. Theories of Career Development
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
This course focuses on theories of career development, current trends in research and the input of technological and social changes in the society on the role of work in life span development.

277D. Current Research in Professional Psychology
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
This course focuses on current process and outcome research in counseling psychology. Implications of current research for future research, practice, and counselor education are discussed.

277E. Historical and Philosophical Foundations of Professional Psychology
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: Education 275.
This seminar will facilitate a selective and critical analysis of the historical/philosophical foundations of western psychology. To this end, attention will be directed to those individuals, ideas and events that have shared the history of psychology.

277F. Theory and Research of Group Counseling
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
The course reviews current theory, research, and practices related to group counseling. Special attention is given to comparisons of theoretical approaches and accompanying research used in assessing the effectiveness of group counseling modalities.

277G. Individualized Treatment Planning
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: consent of instructor and Education 263A.
An advanced course in the intervention series which focuses on developing treatment programs to meet individual needs. Problem presentations, social environments, personal characteristics, demographic backgrounds and expectations related to planning settings, modes, formats and psychological procedures.

277H. Career and Life Development Appraisal
(4) Staff
Examination of the structure, administration, and interpretation of career and life development assessment instruments. Also examination of instruments commonly used in counseling, clinical, or school psychology research.

277I. Professional Psychology and Social Change
(4) Staff
The role of professional psychology in promoting social change is examined. Topics include the profession's past and future role in promoting global peace, human rights, and social programs.

277J. Counseling Strategies for Developmental Concerns
(4) Staff
Examination of individual and group counseling strategies and counseling agency services designed to meet client educational and developmental needs not attributable to a mental disorder.

277K. Supervision Theory
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: Education 268A-B-C.
An overview of theory and research on the process and outcomes of supervision of professional psychologists.

278A. Diversity Issues in Professional Psychology
(4) Staff
The experiences of racial/ethnic minority groups, gay men, and lesbian women, disabled persons, and the elderly are discussed and variables affecting their mental health needs are examined.

278B. Racial/Ethnic Minority Counseling Interventions
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Critical examination of prevailing counseling intervention strategies with racial/ethnic minorities. Focus on identification of ways to improve the quality and utility of the interventions.

278C. Racial/Ethnic Minority Research Across Institutional Settings
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Identification and critical examination of the methodological issues inherent in racial/ethnic minority counseling research. Focus on helping students design research projects relative to racial/ethnic minorities.

280. Seminar: Issues and Trends in Crosscultural Education
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: admission to doctoral study or consent of instructor.
Examines significant issues and research trends related to the theory and practice of cross-cultural education at the national, state, and local levels.

281. Seminar: Program Design in Crosscultural Education
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: admission to doctoral study or consent of instructor.
A systematic study of major program models in crosscultural education, including the analysis of current teaching methodologies and the design of effective programs to meet the special needs of minority students.

285. Clinical Appraisal
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: Education 219A, 266B, and 266C.
This course presents advanced concepts in psychological evaluation. Primary focus is on integration of psychological assessment data and report writing. Special attention is given to the needs of different settings and the influence of culture, gender, and age on psychological test data.

286A. Contemporary and Historical Perspectives on Science Education
(4) Kelly
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Focus on contemporary research issues in science education in relation to historical perspectives of the field. Course readings and agenda will be partially set by the interests of the students.

286B. Science Education in Sociocultural Context
(4) Kelly
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Exploration of science and school science from a sociocultural perspective drawing on scholarship from the sociology, philosophy, and discourse of science.

290. Seminar in Autism
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
An overview of diagnostic and treatment methods in the area of autism. Discussion topics include research on language, social behavior, self-injury, self-stimulation, research on physiological, educational, and behavioral interventions used in clinical, school and family settings.

291. Professional Issues in Severe Developmental Disabilities
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Study of professional issues and development of projects in the areas of clinical work with children and families, experimental analyses of severe behavior problems, preparation of articles for publication, organization of national conventions and grant writing.

292A. Mathematics Development in Early Years
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Explores how pre-school and early elementary school children acquire early logical and mathematical understanding. The acquisition of counting, cardinal, and ordinal understanding, mathematical operations, and the representations of mathematical ideas by children will be addressed.

292B. Mathematics Development in Middle Years
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
This course looks at how elementary school children learn mathematics in specific topical areas such as word problems and rational numbers. Implications for instruction will be discussed.

292C. Mathematics Development in Adolescents
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
This course examines mathematical problem solving at the secondary and college level. Different approaches to problem solving will be discussed in terms of the relevant theories, mathematics curricula and instructional delivery.

293. Mathematics: Cultural Comparisons
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Investigation of mathematics instructions and achievements from a cross national perspective. Both formal and informal mathematics applications will be reviewed. Sources of information will include the International Education Assessment (IEA) studies of mathematics as well as sources from anthropology, sociology, and educational journals.

295. Seminar in Instructional Leadership
(4) Block, Chrispeels
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Seminar course which deals with a variety of topics related to leadership in instruction.

296A. Educational/Psychological Characteristics of the Severely Handicapped Child
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Theoretical and applied models for the education of SH children. Historic